MENGUNGKAP AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA LEMBAGA LOKAL SUBAK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PEDESAAN (STUDI KASUS PADA SUBAK TABOLA, DESA PAKRAMAN TABOLA, KECAMATAN SIDEMEN, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM)

Abstract

Subak merupakan organisasi yang didirikan untuk mengelola sistem pengairan pertanian masyarakat adat Bali. Aktifitas operasional subak tidak hanya terbatas pada pengelolaan sumber air sawah, tetapi subak juga melaksanakan kegiatan yang bersifat religius dan pembangunan yang memerlukan banyak dana. Subak didirikan dengan kesederhanaan yang jauh dari perkembangan jaman, tingkat pendidikan krama subak juga relatif rendah. Dengan berbagai keterbatasan tersebut, subak mampu menciptakan pengelolaan sumber daya yang akuntabel. Latar belakang inilah yang menjadikan Subak Tabola menarik untuk dikaji untuk mengetahui 1) sumber dana subak dalam melaksanakan kegiatan operasionalnya, 2) proses pengelolaan keuangan yang dilakukan di subak, dan 3) penerapan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan subak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang dititikberatkan pada deskripsi serta interpretasi perilaku manusia. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data ini selanjutnya diolah melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu: 1) reduksi data, 2) penyajian data, 3) menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan teori yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Sumber dana subak dalam melaksanakan kegiatan operasional diperoleh dari peturunan (iuran) krama subak dan dana bantuan dari pemerintah, 2) Proses pengelolaan keuangan Subak Tabola dikelompokkan menjadi 2 bagian yaitu pengelolaan dana internal dan dana eksternal subak, pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan keuangan dilakukan secara sederhana, perbedaan pengelolaan keuangan tersebut terletak pada bentuk laporan pertanggungjawabannya, 3) Dalam membentuk akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan yang disajikan, seluruh krama menjunjung tinggi konsep dan nilai-nilai agama Hindu serta memupuk rasa saling percaya antar krama subak.
Kata Kunci : Subak, akuntabilitas, sumber daya, pengelolaan keuangan.

Subak is an organization established to manage irrigation system of Balinese local society. The subak operational activities does not merely concern with a limited management of rice field water resources, but also manage the religious activities and development which require a lot of fund. The subak itself was established with simplicity very far from the current development by involving the society as the members from relatively low level of education. With it’s variety of restrictions, this organization of subak could be able to create an accountable resource management. This background make the subak “Tabola” very interesting to be observed with few purposes such as, to find out 1) the subak’s source of fund used to maintain its operational activities, 2) the process of financial management conducted in the subak organization, 3) the process of accountability in the financial management of subak. The study was conducted based on a quantitative design focusing on describing and interpreting human behavior. All data were obtained from deep interview, observation and documentation study. Henceforth an analysis was conducted by following three stages, such as 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusion based on a predetermined theory. The results indicated that: 1) the Subak in running its operational activities used the funds obtained from different sources, such as the membership fee, and the government contribution. 2) The process of Tabola Subak’s financial management could be grouped into two categories, such as internal financial management, and external financial management with very simple financial accountability process which had a clear cut differences between each other, such as in terms of the form of accountability report. 3) In presenting the report of financial management accountability, all the subak’s members uphold the concept and values from the Hindu religions as well as develop mutual trust among the members.
keyword : Subak, accountability, resource, financial management