Latihan Aerobik pada Diabetes Tipe 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/gm.v4i2.80561Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, latihan, aktifitas fisikAbstract
Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) atau non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) telah diketahui menjadi masalah global saat ini yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sakit kardiovaskular gangguan ginjal dan kematian. Manajemen pengendalian diabetes adalah dengan obat-obatan dan merubah pola hidup, sehingga dapat mencegah komplikasi diabetes. Latihan aerobik dan aktivitas salah satu manajemen dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan diabetes. Aktivitas fisik atau olahraga meningkatkan ambilan glukosa ke dalam otot yang berkontraksi yang diseimbangkan oleh produksi glukosa hepatik. Insulin dan olahraga merangsang translokasi glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) melalui mekanisme sinyal yang berbeda. Sinyal insulin melalui mekanisme fosporilasi rapid dari reseptor insulin, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) dan aktivasi phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Latihan aerobik yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan kontraksi otot merangsang ekspresi dari 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), dan kalsium dari retikulum endoplasma serta Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII). Aktivasi AMPK ini, merupakan salah satu mekanisme utama yang memfasilitasi pengambilan glukosa ke otot. Baik resistance training maupun latihan aerobik dapat mengaktivasi AMPK, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan translokasi GLUT4 ke membran sel dan peningkatan oksidasi asam lemak.
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