An Analysis Of Jargons Used By The Housekeeping Department At The Lovina Bali Hotel

This study aimed to 1) identify the jargons used, 2) analyze the word formations process, 3) explain the meaning of each jargons used by the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali Hotel. Jargons is analyzed respectively based on the theories of Allan and Burriged (2006), Yule's theory (2006) and Hornby's theory (1995). This study was descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were the 3 Housekeeping staff. The instruments that are used in this study were checklist, tape recorder, interview guide. This study found 104 jargons and showed that there are 8 types of word formation appears in this study, in the terms of phrases (46 or 4.23%), abbreviations (37 or 35.57%), nouns (4 or 3.84%), verbs (2 or 1.92%), borrowing (2 or 1.92%), backformations (2 or 1.92%), adjectives (1 or 0.96%), derivation (1 or 0.96%), and clippings (1 or 0.96).

in communicating with their partner. The difference of the use of language make some people in community create their own new language variety according to their needs and purposes.
There are so many types of language variety which is used by the people in society. Jargon is one kind of them. According to Bolinger (through Pateda, 1987: 70) jargon is the use of language in every area of life. These areas of life include areas of expertise, positions, work environment, and each has a special language. The use of jargon is usually used in some field such as pilot, doctors, nursery, hospitality industry and etc. The function of jargon is to make some people easily while communicate with others in the same field.
Jargon is also used in hospitality industry especially in housekeeping departments. The housekeeping departments used jargons to communicate in doing some activity. For instance in housekeeping department, the definition of word holiday in general and housekeeping context is different. There are two meaning of holiday word. In dictionary, holiday is a day of recreation when no work is done, but in housekeeping context, the word holiday means a bed that is connected by a headboard. The use of jargons in the housekeeping department may often create misperceptions and misconceptions. People who do not have any background in housekeeping will difficult to understand about this jargon when they take part in the conversation among the housekeeping staff. The vocational high school students and undergraduate students who take concentration in tourism will rarely know jargons or maybe just a few of jargons because there is no book or dictionary that explain clearly about jargon and its meaning. As we know that textbooks always display vocabulary in focus if there is difficulty in understanding a dialogue or other description, Budasi (2019). These jargon will be very appropriate if they are put into language focus. According to Hutchinson and Walters, when the needs of the students have been identified, the next step is develop them into a develop material which consist of input and content. It makes authors easier in explaining the jargons that contained in Housekeeping.
Based on the phenomenon described above, the researcher conducted a research that concerning the jargons used by the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali Hotel.This study was supported by some previous research that relate to jargon. Using empirical studies from previous research was needed to support the validity of the data. First, the study was conducted by Sitti Magfira Khumairah in 2017 entitled "Jargon Used by Baristas in Kopi Api Coffee Shop Makassar". This study was analyzed the form and the way of jargons used by Baristas in Kopi Api Coffee Shop Makassar in communication. The second research was conducted by Komang Tya Dwi Pradipta in 2017 entitled "An Analysis of Jargons Used by Receptionists in Front Office at Grand Istana Rama Hotel". This study aimed to identify and analyze the linguistic forms, meaning and describe the function of each jargon used in front office department at Grand Istana Rama Hotel. The third research was conducted by Ni Putu Repin Cemara Dewi in 2017 entitled "An Analysis of Jargon Used by Housekeeping Staff at The Westin Resort Nusa Dua". This study was analyzed the linguistics form, semantics content, function and specific context in which jargon is typically used among the housekeeping staff at the Westin Resort Nusa Dua.
Previous research has observed at the form, meaning, function, semantic content and how jargon is used. Therefore this study focuses on the meaning and the form of jargons viewed from their word formations. Thus, the researcher want to list and observe the jargons that used by the Housekeeping Department, forms of jargons viewed from their word formations and the meaning of the jargons used in the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali Hotel.

Concept of English for Specific Purpose (ESP)
According to Tom Hutchinson and Alan Walters (1990), (English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is a language teaching approach that is based on students' decisions to learn about content and methods based on their needs. The same thing is also said by Robinson (1990), ESP is generally used to teach and learn foreign languages for clear utilitarian purposes and there is no doubt. While Mc Donough (1984) argues that ESP courses use a syllabus and material that is determined by all important things that have previously been analyzed about the communication needs of students. It means that ESP material refers to the needs of students. Allan and Burridge (2006: 56) define that jargon as a strange language in certain contexts such as profession, trade or other groups. Jargon used in the form of oral or written texts. Jargon is used by people who have similar interests regarding work. The use of jargon is not only for professionals, but also for group members who use certain jargon. Yule (2006: 211) says that jargon is a special technical vocabulary and expression used by a certain group of people or professions. Jargon helps maintain connections between those who see themselves as 'people in' a number of ways and to exclude 'outsiders' and it's difficult for others to understand. If people don't understand a certain jargon, it means that they are not part of the group. Jargon can be useful to convey an exact and very effective meaning for a community.

Concept of Forms of Jargon
The form of jargon is a combination of terms or physical appearance of a term that produces important technical meaning. Allan and Burridge (2006) state that jargon appears in two ways. First, it is formed in the form of new words. Second, it is formed in the form of existing words that are known by ordinary people.

Concept of Word and Word Formation
Allan and Burridge (2006) say that words are combination of sounds or speech sounds that are used as basic units in language and human communication that have meaning. Word consists of noun, adjective and verb. Word formation is a creation of a new word. According to Booij (2007), word formation is combining two or more meaningful language elements that will form a new form of two or more existing elements that were combined and regardless of the meaning of the elements that make it up. According to Yule (2010) word formation process is a word that has several forms, there are ten types of word formation such as: acronyms, abbreviations, borrowing, clipping, coinage, compounding, blending, backformation, conversion, derivation.

Concept of Phrase
Phrases are groups of words that consist of one word class and do not have a subject and verb which is a functional part of a longer speech (Venhaar, 1996: 291). According to Baker and O'Grady and Guzman, phrases can be classified into 5 types of words which are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitival phrases.

Concept of Meaning of Jargon
Meaning is what is referred to or indicated by e.g. sounds, words, or signals (Hornby, 1995: 726 Based on the table 1, 37 or 35.57% data were found in form of abbreviation. The first example is 'BT'. 'BT' is the abbreviation for Bath Towel. 'BT' has experienced the process of reduction using the initialization of the word 'bath' + 'towel' → 'B' and 'T'. Then, the two letters are joined into 'BT' which means a piece of cloth that is used for drying guest body especially after bathing. Secondly, 'BB' is the abbreviation for Back to Back. 'BB' has experienced the process of reduction using the initialization of the word 'back' + 'to' + 'back' → 'B' and 'B'. Then, the two letters are joined into 'BB' which means a group of guest that had previously stayed at a hotel and then returned to do check in. Thirdly, 'BC' is the abbreviation for Baby Cot. 'BC' has experienced the process of reduction using the initialization of the word 'baby' + 'cot' → 'B' and 'C'. Then, the two letters are joined into BC which means a special place for baby and it has a protector so the baby doesn't fall to the floor. Based on the table 2, 2 or 1.92% data were found in form of borrowing. Those data were heliconia and lovina. Heliconia is a type of flowering plant that comes from the Heliconiaceae family. Heliconia comes from the American language, because this plant is commonly found in America. Heliconia was chosen because of its unique name. Most of the garden in the hotel is also planted with this ornamental plants because its color is interesting. Then, the management of The Lovina Bali Hotel chose Heliconia as the name of the restaurant in The Lovina Bali. Lovina comes from the Indonesian language which means a beach on the northern part of Bali Island. Lovina was chosen because the location of the hotel is adjacent to the Lovina beach. Then, the management of The Lovina Bali Hotel chose Lovina as the name of the hotel in The Lovina Bali. Based on table 3, there was found one datum or 0.96% in the form of clipping. 'As' for example is taken from the word assistant. The word assistant is formed by a process of backclipping or removing some of the syllables behind a word ('as' + 'sis' + 'tant') → 'As'. This clipping means a person that works to support and helps the executive or manager of housekeeping. Based on table 4, 8 data or 7.69% were found in the form of compounding. The example is 'Clean Up' is a combination the words 'clean' (adjective) and 'up' (adverb). Then, the two words are compounding into Clean Up which means a general cleaning that is done only on certain times and days such as hotel anniversaries.
'Landscape' is a combination the words 'land' (noun) and 'scape' (noun). Then, the two words are compounding into Landscape which means a part of the garden which is neatly arranged and has a value of beauty.

Consume Consumption
The food or drinks that has been eaten or drunk by the guest in the minibar at hotel room

Extent Extension
The guest lengthen their stay in hotel more than they planned before in the beginning.
Based on the table 5, there were found 2 data with 1.92% in the form of back formation. The base form of the word consume is consumption. Consume is experienced the process of reducing words from one type to another type, 'consumption' → consume. Consume means the food or drinks that have been eaten or drunk by the guest in the minibar at hotel room. The base form of the word extent is extension. Extent is experienced the process of reducing words from one type to another type, 'extension' → extent. Extent means the guest lengthen their stay in hotel more than they planned before in the beginning. Based on table 7, 7 data or 6.73% were found in the form of words. Among those data, 2 data or 1.92% categorized as verbs, one datum or 0.96% categorized as adjective, and 4 data 3.84% categorized as nouns. Cancel is categorized as a verb. Cancel in the Housekeeping Department means the guest cancel to stay at the hotel. Completing is categorized as noun. Completing in the Housekeeping Department means the room attendant are finishing to make up the room. Based on table 8 46 data or 44.23% were found in form of phrase. There were 6 data or 3.40% in form of verb phrase, 2 data or 1.92% in form of adjective phrase and 38 data or 36.53% in form of noun phrase. Additional Cleaning is categorized as a verb phrase. The head of phrase "Additional Cleaning" is cleaning. It experienced the process of adding pre modifier 'additional' (adj) into the head 'cleaning' (v). Then those words stand together into Additional Cleaning. In the Housekeeping Departments, it means an extra cleaning that was done because guests request to clean his/her room again. American Style is categorized as a noun phrase. The head of phrase "American Style" is style. It experienced the process of adding pre modifier 'American' (n) into the head 'style' (n). Then those words stand together into American Style. In the Housekeeping Departments, it means a bed style that is used to make a bed with blanket. Based on the table 9, this study found in the terms of abbreviation (37 or 35.57%), borrowing (2 or 1.92%), clipping (1 or 0.96), compounding (8 or 7.69%), back formation (2 or 1.92%), derivation (1 or 0.96%), verb (2 or 1.92%), adjective (1 or 0.96%), noun (4 or 3.84%), verb phrase (6 or 5.76%), adjective phrase (2 or 1.92%) and noun phrase (38 or 36.53%). Noun phrase is the most jargons that often be used by the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali Hotel because most jargons are composed of phrases.
This study used Yule's theory which stated that there are ten types of word formation process, there are abbreviation, borrowing, coinage, clipping, compounding, blending, backformation, conversion, and derivation. Those word formation process are connected to the results of the finding in this study. It comes out that not all word formation process that stated by Yule appear in the Housekeeping Department. There were only seven types of word formation process appear, such as abbreviation, borrowing, clipping, compounding, backformation, and derivation. Thus, the results of this study was connected with the specific of English used by the Housekeeping Department that have certain language characteristics. It accordance with Tom Hutchinson and Alan Walters (1990) that stated ESP is a language teaching approach that is based on students' decisions to learn about content and methods based on their needs. Thus, the jargons that are used by the Housekeeping Department cannot be found in the other departments at Hotel, so that the results of this study represents English for specific purposes hospitality especially in the Housekeeping Department.
Furthermore, this study is dissimilar with the previous research because this study retrieve the data at The Lovina Bali Hotel that considered as 4 star hotel or commonly known as elite hotel in Singaraja, Bali. Besides, the previous study also used Yule's theory of word formation process but not all types of word formation process appear in the previous study. Thus, this study is generally supports the previous research related to jargons and also Yule's theory about word formation process. This current study is related to Ni Putu Repin Cemara Dewi in 2017 entitled "An Analysis of Jargon Used by Housekeeping Staff at The Westin Resort Nusa Dua", because this study takes the data in the Housekeeping Department. This study was analyzed the linguistics form used among the Housekeeping staff at the Westin Resort Nusa Dua. It is same with the current study that analyzed the word formation of jargons in Housekeeping Department. However the results of the previous and the currents study is different. The previous research found 145 types of jargons which were used among the Housekeeping staff at The Westin Resort Nusa Dua, there were in form of abbreviation (31 or 21.38%) acronym (3 or 2.07%), borrowing (14 or 9.65%), clipping (3 or 2.07%), verb (14 or 9.65%), noun (18 or 12.42%), adjective (7 or 4.83%), noun phrase (52 or 35.86%), and proportional phrase (3 or 2.07%). Whereas the current study found 104 jargons in the Housekeeping Department and there were found noun phrase with amount (38 or 36.53%). Noun phrase is the most jargons that often be used by the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali Hotel because most jargons are composed of phrases. Based on the previous study and the results of this study, it can be concluded that all jargons in the Housekeeping Department was really used in hospitality in The Lovina Bali Hotel.

Conclusion
There were 104 jargons used in the Housekeeping Department at The Lovina Bali. Concerning the word formation process of jargons used by Housekeeping Department is investigated based on Yule's theory that appear such as such as abbreviation, borrowing, clipping, compounding, backformation, derivation, words and phrases.
Based on the result of this research, the researcher suggests some points of this research, the students of English Language Education should have better understanding on language variation especially jargon. This study will beneficial for ELE lecturers especially in order to give learning materials. It can be a sources while teaching and learning process that relate to language variation for developing basic material for ELE students especially in housekeeping. The Housekeeping Department can recognize their communication systems, so they can easily communicate effectively between housekeeping staff and they can also maintain their services to be better through their communication systems.