The Integration of Problem Based Learning Model on Indonesian Language E-Modules

Masih banyak guru yang kesulitan dalam menggunakan teknologi mengembangkan bahan ajar yang dapat memfasilitasi siswa dalam belajar. Hal ini berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menciptakan E-modul dengan model pembelajaran problem-based learning. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek uji ahli terdiri dari 3 orang yaitu 1 ahli mata pelajaran, 1 ahli desain pembelajaran, dan 1 ahli media pembelajaran. Subjek uji coba produk terdiri dari 9 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Instrument yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu kuesioner. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu Penilaian yang diberikan oleh ahli isi pelajaran yaitu 96,47 (sangat baik). Penilaian dari ahli desain pembelajaran yaitu 93,33% (sangat baik). Penilaian


INTRODUCTION
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on Indonesian education. The intensity of the spread of the Covid-19 virus is very fast, resulting in uncontrolled virus transmission and spreading globally (Handayani et al., 2020;Hincal & Alsaadi, 2021). This is what causes learning activities that were originally face-to-face, are now turning into online learning (Alavudeen et al., 2021;Yulia, 2020). Policies made by the government regarding online learning must be carried out by all educational institutions. Teachers are expected to continue to carry out effective learning through online learning so that learning objectives can be achieved optimally (Azubuike et al., 2021;Kim & Sihyun Park, 2021). Teachers are required to master the information technology needed in online learning so that learning activities can run optimally. In addition, teachers must be able to choose and apply appropriate learning models for online learning. Changes in the methods or learning models used by teachers in online learning will have an impact on the success of learning (Dong et al., 2020;Khan et al., 2021). The use of technology will enable learning even in different places. So that technology is very useful for optimizing the learning process (Davidi et al., 2021;Sprenger & Schwaninger, 2021).
However, the problem that occurs today is that there are still many teachers who have difficulty using technology to develop teaching materials or learning media that can facilitate students in learning (Pangesti et al., 2017;Weng & Chen, 2020). In addition, there are still many cases that are found regarding the management of classroom situations in online learning that still use the lecture method which makes students bored in learning (Hermanto et al., 2021;Syauqi et al., 2020). This problem was also found in one high school. Based on the results of observations and interviews conducted at the Undiksha Laboratory Junior High School, it was found that the problem was that the delivery of material often used the lecture method. This makes students feel bored in learning. Relying on the presentation of material from the teacher sacrifices the active role of students in the class, causing the material presented cannot be accepted as a whole by students. This is not in accordance with the 2013 curriculum which focuses more on students as the center of learning (Anif et al., 2020;Suyanto, 2018). In addition, based on the results of interviews with teachers, it was found that there is a lack of digital teaching materials in Indonesian subjects that can facilitate students in learning. This is because teachers are still having difficulties in developing digital teaching materials for students. This problem has an impact on student learning outcomes below the average, so that learning objectives are not achieved optimally.
The solution offered to overcome these problems is to develop interactive teaching materials that are in accordance with the 2013 curriculum. One of the interactive teaching materials that can be used is E-modules using a problem-based learning model. E-module is an electronic book that was developed with the aim that students can study independently (Liu et al., 2021;Seruni et al., 2020). The characteristics of the module are the same as the characteristics of the module, namely self-instruction (clear instructions), self-contained (learning material that can be studied alone), stand-alone (not dependent on other teaching materials), adaptive and user friendly (easy to use) (Asrial et al., 2020;Perdana et al., 2017). Learning by using E-modules will allow students to have a high learning speed. This is because students can learn independently and can access material anywhere (Komikesari et al., 2020;Ningsih & Mahyuddin, 2021). In accessing the remaining E-modules, you can use electronic devices such as cellphones, laptops, or computers. The advantages of E-modules from printed teaching materials are that they are equipped with interactive media such as audio, video, animation and other interactive features that can be played and played back by students when using the E-module (Darmaji et al., 2019;Irwansyah et al., 2017b). This emodule can provide complete, interactive, and interactive material. E-modules combined with problem-based learning models will increase student activity in learning.
The problem-based learning model is a learning model that uses a real-world learning approach as a context for students to learn (Bosica et al., 2021;Seruni et al., 2020). The syntax of the problem-based learning model contains several stages of problem-solving strategies, namely finding problems, defining, collecting facts, compiling, investigating, perfecting problems, concluding, and testing problem solutions LaForce et al., 2017). The problem-based learning model focuses more on students as learning people. This learning model is supported by constructivism theory, where students are encouraged to develop their own knowledge (Hussin et al., 2018;Seruni et al., 2020). This learning model involves all students in learning so that it can increase student activity in learning (Astari et al., 2018;Devi & Bayu, 2020). Students are also invited to solve problems given by the teacher so that they can improve critical thinking skills. The problem that will be given to students is an authentic problem so that students easily understand the problem and apply the solution in life (Bosica et al., 2021;Wulandari & Suparno, 2020).
The findings of previous studies also state that E-modules can increase students' enthusiasm for learning (Aprilia & Suryadarma, 2020;Mastroleo et al., 2020). Other research findings also state that E-modules can assist students in learning so as to improve student learning outcomes (Canboy et al., 2016;Hamid et al., 2021). Other research also states that PBL can increase student activity in learning (Hussin et al., 2018;LaForce et al., 2017). There is no study on the development of E-modules using a problem-based learning model. The advantage of the E-module with the problem-based learning model is that it is displayed with a flipbook so that it will give an interesting impression. In addition, this E-module is equipped with animation, video and audio that will attract students' attention in learning. The purpose of this study is to develop an E-module with a problem-based learning model. It is hoped that the E-module with a problem-based learning model can make it easier for students to learn independently.

METHODS
This type of research is development research. The model used in developing the Emodulewith a problem-based learning model, namely ADDIE which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (Alnajdi, 2018). This model is used because it is systematic, simple, and easy to understand so that it can facilitate developmentE-module with a problem-based learning model. The analysis phase was carried out by learning analysis. The design stage is carried out by developing an E-module flowchart. The development stage is developing an E-module. The implementation stage is implementing the E-module to determine the effectiveness of the E-module with a problembased learning model. E-module products will be reviewed by 3 experts, namely 1 learning content expert, 1 learning design expert, and 1 learning media expert. The product trial subjects were 9 people, which included 3 students for the individual test, and 6 students for the small group test. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Observation and interview methods were carried out to find out the conditions or problems that were happening in learning. Questionnaire method is used to measure the feasibility of E-module productswith a problem-based learning model. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire. The questionnaire grids are presented in tables 1, 2, and 3.   Organizing E-Modules a. E-module is easy to use b. Navigation consistency c. Clear instructions for use (Prawiladilaga, 2015) The formula used in testing the validity of the instrument is Gregory. The technique used in analyzing the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative descriptive analysis technique was used in processing data from the results of expert trials and student test subjects, in the form of input to the questionnaire used in revising the Emodule product. Quantitative descriptive analysis techniques are used to process data in the form of assessments given by experts and students. In giving meaning and decision making used as a reference for the conversion level of achievement on a Five scale that shown in Table 5.

Results
The first step is analysis. At this stage the activities carried out are curriculum analysis, student characteristics, competencies, learning activities and learning facilities. Based on the results of the curriculum analysis, the curriculum used is the 2013 curriculum. Based on the results of the analysis of student characteristics, information is obtained thatthe activeness of students in participating in the learning process tends to be low. The results of the competency analysis are the choice of maetri in even semester Indonesian language learning, namely inheriting noble values and creating folk poetry, appreciating and creating fables, correspondence with personal letters and official letters, and become effective readers. The choice of material was because the material was cut a lot due to UAS preparation, so students did not understand the material. The results of the analysis of learning activities are that students cannot learn independently because of the lack of interactive teaching materials that facilitate students. The results of the analysis of learning facilities, namely facilities such as internet access, cellphones, computer labs have been owned so that they can support learning.
The second stage is design. At this stage, the flowchart, Storyboard E-module is madewith a problem-based learning model, and develop assessment instruments, as well as learning implementation plans. Purposeflow chartand Storyborad, which is knowing the workflow of the E-module to be developed. The preparation of the E-module framework was carried out to describe the outline of the E-module and the systematics of the material. The function of this framework is to make it easier to compile the E-module that will be developed. In designing the appearance of this E-module, Arial typeface is used with a size of 50 points for the cover of the E-module and 12 points and the distance between lines is 1.5 so that students are easy to read the material presented in the E-module.
The third stage is development. At this stage it is developedE-module with a problembased learning model. The process of developing E-module products is carried out by collecting teaching materials, these materials are obtained from Indonesian class VII textbooks and other sources relevant to the material raised. All learning resources used to develop E-modules such as text, images, and videos are combined using the Flip PDF Professional application as the main program so that they become electronic teaching materials. After the materials for developing E-modules are combined and become complete teaching materials, then proceed with the manufacture of E-modules that can be accessed via laptops or computers. The results of the development of the E-module with the problembased learning model, presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. E-module with Problem-Based Learning Model
After the media was developed further E-module with the problem-based learning learning model assessed by subject matter experts, learning design experts, and learning media experts. Based on the assessment given by subject matter experts, the level of achievement of the E-module with the problem-based learning model is 96.47% so that it gets very good qualifications. The assessment given by learning design experts is 93.33% so that they get very good qualifications. The results of the assessment given by learning media experts are 97.5% so that they get very good qualifications. It can be concluded that the Emodule with the problem-based learning model is suitable for use in the learning process. The inputs given by experts to improve the products developed are:Instructions for training and evaluation are made so that they are left aligned. On the front cover, give the identity of the bearer, even though on the back cover there is already an identity, and add the name of the supervisor on the back cover. The results of the revised E-module developed are presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2. E-module After Revised
The next stage is implementation. At this stage, the implementation of product trials is carried out after being assessed by experts. Individual trial results,the percentage of learning outcomes of E-module learning outcomes based on each subject is 95.53% so that it gets very good qualifications. The results of small group trials, the percentage of achievement of learning outcomes for learning E-modules based on each subject is 95.53% so that they get very good qualifications. It can be concluded that the E-modulewith a feasible problem-based learning model, it does not need to be revised and is feasible to be applied in the learning process.

Discussion
E-module with the problem-based learning model, it gets very good qualifications and is suitable for use because in learning it is caused by the following factors. First, E-module the problem-based learning model is feasible to use because it gets very good qualifications. Obtaining a very good qualification was obtained because in the process of developing this E-module using a systematic development model with the ADDIE development model. Emodule development using the ADDIE model is effective to create products that are valid and suitable for use in the learning process (Pramana et al., 2020;Ula & Fadila, 2018). In addition, E-modules get very good qualifications because the content presented is in accordance with learning. Obtaining a very good qualification can be achieved due to the clarity of identity, indicators, and learning objectives contained in the E-module.Clarity of subject identity, suitability of indicators, and learning objectives make it easier for students to understand the learning material (Kimianti & Prasetyo, 2019;Wijayanti et al., 2016). The presentation of the material on the E-module is arranged by taking into account these aspects so as to produce an E-module that is in accordance with the learning objectives that have an impact on improving the quality of learning (Hamdunah et al., 2016;Hamid et al., 2021). Clarity of indicators and learning objectives can improve the quality of better learning (Astra et al., 2020;Fisnani et al., 2020).
Second, E-module the problem-based learning model is feasible to use because it makes it easier for students to learn. The presentation of the material is arranged in a coherent manner according to the mapping of the material so that the material is presented logically and systematically. The presentation of the material is equipped with pictures, learning videos, and a glossary so that the content of the material can be conveyed properly (Aufa et al., 2021;Yulando et al., 2019). This can make it easier for students to explore the content of the material presented (Fonda & Sumargiyani, 2018;Syahroni et al., 2016). E-modules that are presented in accordance with the learning material will make it easier for students to understand the learning material (Mills et al., 2021;Sofyan et al., 2019). Thus, the developed E-module can attract students' attention, and can make it easier for students to understand the content of the subject matter.
Third, E-module the problem-based learning model is feasible to use because it increases students' enthusiasm for learning. The developed e-module also provides learning media such as videos that make students motivated in learning. The use of learning media such as videos can increase students' enthusiasm for learning (Andriyani & Suniasih, 2021;Bajrami & Ismaili, 2016;Van Alten et al., 2019). Videos will make it easier for students to understand the subject matter quickly (Gürsoy, 2021;Komalasari & Rahmat, 2019). Presentation of material that is arranged in a coherent manner, and is equipped with the use of pictures, videos, and music can attract students' attention in learning, and can make it easier for students to understand the material (Colasante & Douglas, 2016;Fisnani et al., 2020).
Fourth, the use of the PBL learning model also increases students' enthusiasm for learning. This learning model demands student activity so that it can increase student learning motivation (Nurtanto et al., 2019;Seruni et al., 2020). Students are invited to solve problems given by the teacher so that they can improve their critical thinking skills (Bosica et al., 2021;Wulandari & Suparno, 2020). This ability will make it easier for students to solve the problems they are facing. The use of E-modules with problem-based learning models is effectively used to increase students' enthusiasm for learning.
The findings of previous research stated that E-modules can increase students' independence in learning so as to improve student learning outcomes (Irwansyah et al., 2017a;Lee & Osman, 2012;Winatha et al., 2018). Other research findings also state that the PBL model can improve students' critical thinking skills (Nur et al., 2016;Umbara et al., 2020). The advantages of E-modules with problem-based learning models are that they can be accessed on mobile phones so that they are easy to carry everywhere by students and give an attractive impression. In addition, this E-module is equipped with animation, video and audio that will attract students' attention in learning. The implication of this research is that the teaching materials developed in the form of E-modules with problem-based learning models can be used by teachers in learning, so that they can help students in learning.

CONCLUSION
Based on the assessments given by experts and students, the teaching materials developed were very well qualified. It can be concluded that the E-module with the problem-based learning model is feasible to be applied in the learning process. This e-module can help students in self-study.