Differences in Providing Education Using Poster Media and Audiovisual Media on Prevention of Rabies Transmitting Animal Bites

group design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The number of samples used in this research was 86 families divided into 2 groups, namely the poster group and the audiovisual group. This research used a questionnaire sheet to measure the behavior of preventing bites from animals that transmit rabies, which consists of 3 sub-variables, namely knowledge, attitudes and actions. Then it was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to analyze the differences between educational poster media and audiovisual media. The research results show that the average value for poster media before is 65.6 and after is 77. Meanwhile, the average value for audiovisual media before is 72.2 and after is 82.3. Statistical testing used the Mann-Whitney test and obtained a ρ−value of 0.001 < 0.05. The conclusion is that there is a difference between providing education using poster media and audiovisual media on behavior to prevent bites from animals that transmit rabies. Suggestions to respondents are that they can provide education to those closest to them or anyone who is advised to use audiovisual media.


INTRODUCTION
Rabies is an acute infectious disease that attacks the nervous system in humans and warmblooded animals caused by the rabies virus, transmitted through the saliva of animals with rabies such as dogs, cats, monkeys, raccoons and bats through bites or open wounds.Globally rabies has spread widely in all continents in the world except Antarctica (Fooks et al., 2014;Hampson et al., 2015;Jentes et al., 2013).More than 95% of human deaths occur in Asia and Africa.Nearly 99% of rabies deaths in humans are transmitted by dogs.Based on the distribution of risk levels for humans being infected with rabies in 2013, the highest risk is Asia and Africa, medium and low risk are Europe, South and Central America, North America and Australia, while those who are not at risk are Japan and New Zealand (Gan et al., 2023;Nel, 2014;Scott & Nel, 2021).Many people think that rabies is not dangerous, but after the increase in cases of death from rabies, more and more people are afraid and wary.Indonesia 98% of cases are transmitted through dog bites and 2% through cat and monkey bites (Rustam, 2022;Wijaya, R., K & Wijaya, 2022).In 2020, of the 32 provinces that reported cases of bites by rabies-transmitting animals, there were 40 positive cases of rabies and died.There are 8 provinces with Rabies-free status, namely the Bangka Belitung Islands, Riau Islands, DKI Jakarta, Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Java, West Papua and Papua.Cases of death due to rabies (Lyssa) show a slightly different pattern.Nationally, in 2020 there were 82,634 cases of GPHR, 56,797 of which were given the anti-rabies vaccine and 40 positive cases of rabies and died (Lyssa) (Mading & Mau, 2014;Tanzil, 2014).As in the previous year, the provinces that reported the highest GHPR cases throughout 2020 were Bali with 26,979 cases, East Nusa Tenggara with 11,262 cases, and North Sumatra with 6,802 cases.This is due to the high ownership of dogs as one of the animal's transmitting rabies in the province.The province of Bali is the highest percentage area, 60% of the total cases throughout Indonesia.Then sequentially after that the Provinces of Riau, East Nusa Tenggara, North Sumatra, West Sumatra.Based on data from the Bali Provincial Health Office, cases of bites by rabies-transmitting animals (GPHR) in 2018 slightly decreased compared to 2016 (Nugroho et al., 2013;Suseno et al., 2019).Based on data from the Buleleng District Health Office for 2022, Buleleng is the highest case of rabies in the province of Bali with 13 deaths as of early December 2022, an increase of 1,300% from 2021.Based on the graph of rabies cases (Lyssa) in Buleleng Regency in 2010-2022 the highest cases occurred in 2010 with 21 cases, then in 2011 and 2015 there were 6 cases, while in 2012, 2016 and 2020 there were no cases of suspected rabies, and now it is 2022 increased to 13 cases (Putra et al., 2013;Susilawathi et al., 2012).
The highest cases of GHPR in 2022 per Puskesmas area are Sukasada 1 Health Center with 771, Banjar 1 Health Center with 716.Banjar 2 Health Center with 685, Buleleng 1 Health Center with 645.Rabies cases in Buleleng Regency per District in 2020-2022 are In 2020 there were no rabies cases, in 2021 there was 1 case of rabies in the Kubudinding District area.Whereas in 2022 there were 13 cases of death due to rabies, namely in the Banjar District 4 cases, Buleleng District 3 cases, Sukasada District 2 cases, Seririt District 1 case, Gerokgak District 1 case.The risk factor for rabies cases in Buleleng is that 85% of Lyssa's cases did not come to the health facility because they thought the injuries were minor, 15% were all bitten by dogs due to mismanagement (decided on observation because the dog was healthy, the dog was killed without reporting it, the wrong dog saw the biting dog).In 2022 Rabies cases in animals in Buleleng will increase by 275% compared to 2021 (Ekowati et al., 2020;Setiawan et al., 2019).Efforts have been made by Panji Village Officials in preventing rabies in collaboration with the Animal Husbandry service such as giving dog vaccinations, village officials have provided counseling about rabies but only with the lecture method not using the media, so that researchers are interested in providing education with 2 media, namely poster media and audiovisual media to look for differences in rabies prevention behavior by giving both media before and after being given counseling.Prevention is one of the right ways to deal with infectious diseases.Rabies disease control is generally carried out by vaccinating wild dogs, in addition to socialization programs and monitoring the traffic of Rabies Transmitting Animals (HPR) (Faizah et al., 2012;Setiawan et al., 2016).
Steps to improve the quality of controlling the spread of rabies through education are essentially activities or efforts to convey health messages to the community, groups or individuals.With this message, it is hoped that people, groups or individuals can gain better knowledge about health.Extension media can be divided into several groups, namely print media (leaflets, calendars, posters, booklets), billboard media, and electronic media such as video or audiovisual.The counseling media has an important role in carrying out health education activities, one of which is poster media and audiovisual media (Ma & Li, 2021;Zettira et al., 2022).Based on the problems and results of previous research, researchers interested in conducting research are interested in this research.The aim of the research was to find out the differences in the provision of education using poster media and audiovisual media on the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-transmitting animals in Bangah Banjar and Dauh Pura Banjar, Panji Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency in 2023.It is hoped that this research will be able to have a positive impact on overcoming and minimizing the problem of rabies in Bangah Banjar and Dauh Pura Banjar, Panji Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency in 2023.

METHODS
The type of research used in this research is pre-experimental designs (Gopalan et al., 2020;Madadizadeh, 2022).The research design can be seen in Table 1.The research design used was two group pre-test and post-test without control group design.This design involved two groups of subjects, each of which was given a different experimental treatment (intervention group).The population of this study is the head of the family in Banjar Bangah with a total population of 329 families.The head of the family in Banjar Dauh Pura with a total population of 296 families.The total population in this study is 625 families.The sampling technique used in this study was non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling.The sample used in this study consisted of 86 samples.Then divided into 2 groups.Group 1 Banjar Bangah 43 families, Group 2 Banjar Dauh Pura 43 families.In this study a questionnaire sheet was used to measure bite prevention behavior of rabiestransmitting animals which consisted of 3 sub-variables namely knowledge, attitude and action.The pretest questionnaire was carried out before the intervention was given with a duration of 10 minutes, after which educational intervention was carried out by providing counseling using poster media and audiovisual media according to material related to rabies animal prevention for 30 minutes, then a post test was carried out after 1 week of intervention.After the data was collected, it was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to analyze the differences in educational poster media and audiovisual media.

Results
The results of the research on differences in the provision of poster and audiovisual media education on the behavior of preventing bites of rabies-transmitting animals in Banjar Bangah and Banjar Dauh Pura Panji Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency.The characteristics of the respondents can be seen in Table 2. Based on Table 2, it shows that the majority are aged 25-30 years as many as 24 respondents (27.9%) and aged 31-36 as many as 24 respondents (27.9%).The majority of education levels are SMA/SMK with a total of 63 respondents (73.3%).The majority of jobs are farmers with a total of 25 respondents (29.1%).The distribution of respondents based on preventive behavior before and after education is show in Table 3.Based on Table 3, it shows that of the 43 respondents in Banjar Bangah before being given education with poster media the majority had sufficient knowledge as many as 21 respondents (48.8%), adequate attitude by 19 respondents (44.2%), less action by 15 respondents (34.9%).Meanwhile, after being given education using poster media, the majority had good knowledge of 30 respondents (69.8%), good attitudes of 28 respondents (65.1%), good actions of 22 respondents (51.2%).Distribution of respondents based on preventive behavior before and after education with audiovisual media at Banjar Dauh pura is show in Table 4. Based on Table 4, it shows that of the 43 respondents the majority in Banjar Dauh Pura had good knowledge of 25 respondents (58.1%), sufficient attitude of 23 respondents (53.5%), good actions of 20 respondents (46.5%).Based on Table 4, it shows that of the 43 respondents the majority in Banjar Dauh Pura had good knowledge of 25 respondents (58.1%), sufficient attitude of 23 respondents (53.5%), good actions of 20 respondents (46.5%).Distribution of average scores before and after given education media poster is show in Table 5.Based on Table 5, the mean pre-test was 65.6 and post-test was 77.The p-value was 0.000 (p<0.05)meaning that there were differences in the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-infecting animals before and after poster media education, with a difference value of 11.4.Distribution of average scores before and after being given audiovisual media education is show in Table 6.
Based on Table 6, the average value (mean) of the pre-test was 72.2 and the post-test was 82.3.The p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05) means that there are differences in the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-infecting animals before and after being given audiovisual media education, with a difference value of 10.1.The differences in provision of poster and audiovisual media education on rabies transmitting animal bite prevention behavior (pre-test) is show in Table 7.Based on Table 7, the results showed that there were differences in the use of posters and audiovisual media on the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-infected animals (pre-test) with a pvalue of 0.013.Differences in provision of poster and audiovisual media education on rabies transmitting animal biting prevention behavior (post-test) is show in Table 8.Based on Table 8, the results show that there are differences in the use of posters and audiovisual media on the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-infected animals (post-test) with a p-value of 0.009.

Behavior to prevent bites from rabies-transmitting animals in Banjar Bangah before and after being given education using posters
The results showed that before being given education using poster media, the majority had sufficient knowledge (48.8%), adequate attitude (44.2%), lack of action (34.9%).Whereas after being given education with media posters the most with good knowledge (69.8%), good attitude (65.1%), good actions (51.2%).With a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05) it means that there are differences in values before and after being given education using poster media.This research is in line with research conducted by previous study on the poster media before the intervention was given there were 8 children (43.3%) who had good knowledge and after the intervention was given 9 children (60.0%) who had good knowledge (Harsismanto et al., 2019).In the attitude assessment before the intervention, it was found that there were 4 (26.7%)children who agreed and after the intervention was given, there were 9 children (60.0%) who agreed.With p Value = 0.000 <0.05 which means there is a significant effect of health education with poster media on children's attitudes in preventing diarrheal diseases.According to research conducted by other research that aims to determine the effect of providing nutrition education and education about obesity through poster media shows that the respondent's knowledge increases after being given the poster, seen from the average value after being given the poster which is higher than the average value before being given the poster (Sagitaa et al., 2022).According to research conducted by previous study entitled "Development of Health Promotion Methods about Rabies for Increasing Knowledge of Elementary School Students" says that posters are media that can be used to provide additional information, thus increasing the absorption and retention of material presented in health promotion (Utomo et al., 2018).Prevention of rabies is an action to reduce the risk of exposure to animals infected with rabies, the better the knowledge, the better in responding to the current rabies disease.The attitude of the dog owner in good care must be considered, including by giving the dog food 2-4 times a day, bathing the dog more than once a week, cutting the dog's nails regularly because nails become a place for the rabies virus, not slaughtering dogs for food, keeping dogs in a fenced-in house or yard, regularly vaccinating dogs for rabies, using a chain when walking dogs (Fooks et al., 2014;Hampson et al., 2015).Behavior is the result of experience and human interaction with the environment which is manifested in the form of knowledge, attitudes and actions.With the existence of information media that can be heard, seen or read will be able to increase knowledge and can influence decision-making actions to carry out rabies prevention (Amelia et al., 2019;Muhdi et al., 2020).Poster media is a piece of paper in the form of an image to influence someone to be interested in the message conveyed, posters are made with attractive pictures and colors, can clearly explain the message conveyed.Media posters contain short messages delivered in the form of pictures that aim as a source of information that can attract someone's attention and interest.Posters as a faster and more efficient delivery of ideas (Achjar & Putri, 2022;Djonnaidi et al., 2021).Efforts to educate the public have an effect on increasing the knowledge and awareness of respondents regarding the dangers of rabies in increasing the behavior of preventing rabies.Knowledge will change a person's views and behavior patterns.Media information greatly influences a person's knowledge of rabies, one of which is poster media.In addition, media posters do not spend a lot of production costs.

Behavior of preventing bites from rabies-transmitting animals in Banjar Dauh Pura before and after being given education with audiovisual media
The results showed that before being given education with audiovisual media the majority had good knowledge (58.1%), sufficient attitude (53.5%), actions (46.5%).Whereas after being given education with audiovisual media the most with good knowledge (86.0%), good attitude (86.0%), good actions (69.8%).With a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05) it means that there are differences in values before and after being given education with audiovisual media.This research is in line with research conducted by previous study the results obtained after being given health education interventions with audiovisual media, there was an increase in knowledge by 85 respondents, 9 respondents did not experience an increase in knowledge, the results obtained were p-value = 0.000 meaning that there was a significant increase in knowledge before and after being given health education (Achjar & Putri, 2022).This research is also in line with research conducted by other study state that before being given nutrition education with audiovisual media 50% of respondents had good knowledge of balanced nutrition in preventing stunting and 50% of respondents had insufficient knowledge.After being given nutrition education, there was an increase in knowledge from the poor category to good by 78.6% of respondents (Arsyati, 2019).
Based on research conducted state that the respondent's knowledge increased after being given audiovisual media, seen from the average value after being given audiovisual media which was higher than the average value before being given the video, from the results of the attitude the average value after being given the video is higher than the value before the video is given (Meidiana et al., 2018).The results of the Wilcoxon rank test statistic on the pre-test and post-test of knowledge obtained a p-value of 0.003, this means that there is an effect of education through audio-visual media on knowledge and for an attitude p-value of 0.001, this means that there is an effect of education through audio-visual media on adolescent attitudes before and after being given education.Knowledge, attitude, practice is the stage of behavior change or behavior formation.Before a person adopts a behavior, he must first know what the benefits are for him.To realize this knowledge, individuals are stimulated by health education.After someone knows the stimulus, the next process will be to assess/behave towards the stimulus.Therefore, the indicators for health attitudes are also in line with health knowledge.Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the provision of education using the media has an effect on increasing the attitude of respondents (Baloran, 2020;Karamat et al., 2018).Changes in the attitude of respondents can be influenced by the media used during the education.Audiovisual media can increase knowledge because it involves imagination and increases learning motivation.The use of media in providing education is highly recommended to enhance the quality of learning.Audiovisual media encourage the desire to know more.Audiovisual media not only produces a more effective way of learning in a shorter time, but what is received through audiovisual media lasts longer and is better remembered (Meidiana et al., 2018;Salsabila et al., 2020).The increase in behavior occurs because of the influence of education about rabies that has been given, through the education process a person will learn and try to understand something that initially did not know to know so that the category changes to be good.This research is in line with the opinion that education can change a person's knowledge in taking health-related actions (Bentlage et al., 2020).Audiovisual media makes it easier for people to convey and receive lessons or information and can avoid misunderstandings.Audiovisual media has proven to have valuable value in the field of education.Audiovisual media involves all the senses of learning including the senses of hearing and sight, the more senses used to obtain information, the greater the information that is understood.

Differences in providing education using poster media and audiovisual media on behavior to prevent bites from rabies-infecting animals
The results showed that there were differences in the use of educational posters and audiovisual media on the behavior of preventing bites of rabies-transmitting animals (pre-test) with a p-value of 0.013 and there were differences in the use of educational media of posters and audiovisuals on the behavior of preventing bites of rabies-transmitting animals (post-test).test) with a p-value of 0.009.The difference value (pre-test) of poster media was 36.84 and audiovisual was 50.16.While the value of the difference (post-test) poster media 36.49and audiovisual 50.51.In the education group with poster media, the media was only provided in the form of narration and pictures, so that the attractiveness of the respondents was slightly reduced and the respondents' understanding was also reduced.Whereas the group with audiovisual media which contains the same material as posters but in the form of sound and video animation, the use of audiovisual media which involves the senses such as hearing and sight can affect the level of retention (absorption and memory) of the material presented, with audiovisual media the respondents were more interested, easy to remember and easy to understand.This research is in line with research conducted by previous study conducted at the Taman Krocok Community Health Center found that the audiovisual group had a higher average score than the poster group (Sholehah et al., 2020).Thus, it can be interpreted that health education methods using audiovisual media are more effective in improving the behavior of primiparous mothers in lactation management.This is because using audiovisual media is classified as an effective media.This is because audio visual media is more interesting, not boring because the pictures are lively and easy to understand.Respondents are more interested in watching (seeing) and listening, so that the increase in respondent behavior is better (Kivunja, 2015;Lampropoulos et al., 2019).Audio visual media, is media that can be received through the senses of sight and hearing.Video has many advantages that can overcome limitations in learning, including displaying an object or event as it really is.Based on the results of the discussion, the researchers suggest that it is hoped that it can improve community behavior towards the behavior of preventing bites from rabies-transmitting animals to reduce the occurrence of rabies cases.Respondents are also expected to be able to carry out health education or counseling to their closest people or anyone who is advised to use audiovisual media because it is easy to remember, and interesting which displays animated videos on preventing bites from rabies-transmitting animals.Future researchers are expected to be able to develop research in which the respondents are people who have dogs and those who do not have dogs, without criteria for the head of the family, so that the whole community also gets information related to rabies.The results of this study are also expected to be a reference material or reference for future researchers in conducting similar research by developing other educational media that will be used as a comparison.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research that has been carried out regarding differences in the provision of education using poster media and audiovisual media on the behavior of preventing bites of rabiestransmitting animals in Bangah Banjar and Dauh Pura Banjar, Panji Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency in 2023 with 86 respondents it can be concluded as follows: 1).Characteristics of the majority of respondents aged 25-30 years.The behavior to prevent bites from rabies-infecting animals before being given education using posters in Banjar Bangah was the majority with sufficient knowledge, sufficient attitude, insufficient action.Meanwhile, after being given education with poster media, the most with good knowledge, good attitude, good actions.There is a difference in the average value (mean) before treatment, and after treatment.3).The behavior of preventing bites from rabies-infecting animals before being given education with audiovisual media at Banjar Dauh Pura was the majority with good knowledge, adequate attitude, good behavior.Whereas after being given education with audiovisual media the most with good knowledge, good attitude, good actions.4).There are differences in the provision of education using poster media and audiovisual media on behavior to prevent bites from rabies-infecting animals after receiving treatment.

Table 1 .
Research Design Differences in Providing Education with Poster Media and Audiovisual Media

Table 2 .
Characteristics of Respondents

Table 3 .
Distribution of Respondents Based on Preventive Behavior Before and After Education

Table 4
Distribution of Respondents Based on Preventive Behavior Before and After Education with Audiovisual Media

Table 5 .
Distribution of Average Scores Before and After Given Education Media Poster

Table 6 .
Distribution of Average Scores Before and After Being Given Audiovisual Media Education

Table 7 .
Differences in Provision of Poster and Audiovisual Media Education on Rabies Transmitting Animal Bite Prevention Behavior (Pre-Test)

Table 8 .
Differences in Provision of Poster and Audiovisual Media Education on Rabies Transmitting Animal Biting Prevention Behavior (Post-Test)