Mobile Library Application in Indonesia’s Digital Libraries

) features.

are considered the flagship mobile device based on their common use worldwide. In addition to sending and receiving calls and messages (SMS), smartphones can be used for various online activities, ranging from paying for goods and services to reading electronic books. A smartphone can be used as a learning tool, allowing users to learn new things from online content, and has also become a "lifestyle" icon for certain users (Daeng et al., 2017;Fitri et al., 2021;Yuniati & Ratmanto, 2017). Many libraries have followed the trends in increasing smartphone use by developing and improving technology to make library services widely accessible to users. The increased development of online content by libraries allows users to access content remotely without needing to visit a physical library (Fatmawati, 2012;Irfani & Sholeh, 2021;Nashihuddin, 2021).
Based on previous research, the development of digital library services should be the goal of all libraries (Fatmawati, 2012). Librarians must understand technology ranging from developing mobile applications to predicting the impact of mobile technology on library services. Similar research regarding m-library applications, which showed that implementing the UMS Library application allowed the net generation to access library services using Android smartphones (Habib & Prasetyawan, 2016). Similarly, another study found that the features and appearance of m-library applications made it easy for users to access library services (Hariyani, 2019). By searching for the information to present in the m-library, a librarian's understanding of library material may become completer and more flexible. However, the ability of all users and librarians to navigate mlibrary applications remains a concern. Based on the explanation of previous studies, an analysis of the development of the m-library application in Indonesia until 2021 has not been carried out. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the development of m-library applications in Indonesia by searching and analysing mlibrary applications in Indonesia, including those issued from the libraries of universities, secondary schools, elementary schools, and other agencies. This research will be helpful for the development of digital libraries in Indonesia.

METHOD
This study utilized qualitative research, which refers to the analysis of non-mathematical, descriptive data collected from as observations and documents (Arifin, 2012;Samsu, 2017). The search of the keywords "digital libraries" and "e-libraries" using the Android Google Play Store found 258 m-libraries, consisting of college, secondary school, elementary school, and other institutions, using mobile-based applications. For each m-library, the name of the application and any third parties (who participated as vendors in the development or purchase of the application) were identified. Each m-library application's existence was verified using the attached link or the search feature on the Google Play Store. The results are described descriptively with a focus on the analysis of applications used by m-libraries. Data collection and analysis procedures in this study is presented in Figure 1.

Result
Mobile technology can be utilized anywhere at any time. Surachman (2014) states that there are at least three types of mobile technologies for building an m-library: 1) a standard mobile phone platform, which utilizes SMS or phone calls for transactions and for users to provide information (e.g., M-references, SMS References, Search articles through the https://scholar.google.com/ page with the keywords "m-library", "mobile library", "mobile library apps" from 2015-2021 and search applications used in Android https://play .google.com/store with the keyword "library" in December 2021 Selection of articles published in journals, proceedings, thesis in Indonesian and English from 2015-2021 Selection of articles in Indonesian and English language journals, proceedings, and thesis with the following limitations: "mobile library apps" analysis with the main focus on material content and mobile library applications on Android. and Cal References); 2) a mobile web platform, allowing users to access a library's information services in the form of a website; and 3) a mobile application platform, used by installing or setting up a particular m-library application on Android via the Google Play Store or iOS via the App Store. Several institutions develop their own m-library application or collaborate with a third party to develop their m-library application. The services provided by m-library applications are OPAC, e-books, digital resource retrieval, digital resource readers, announcements, personal libraries (e.g., book borrowing and book renewal), resource sharing and resource subscriptions (Wei et al., 2015). An m-library application is also defined by accessing digital libraries through mobile phones and wireless networks without restrictions on time and place (Zha et al., 2016). Aside from keeping with technological developments and a digital era of obtaining information, the purpose an m-library is to make it easier for users to access and check out desired books and save time obtaining library information.

Discussion
The use of m-libraries is expected to increase in the future as demand for online access to library services continues to increase. This demand is exacerbated, in part, by the quarantining and social distancing measures of the COVID-19 pandemic that require users to have an information source that can be accessed online. These results will be useful for the information industry to access information and calculations related to library application data or m-libraries in use in Indonesia. In contrast to Indonesia, 40% of Scottish authorities did not intend to provide library applications in 2018, citing the increasing number of applications available and their range of functions as potential concerns. This was expected to result in gaps in access and use of m-library applications (Kerr & Pennington, 2018).
Advantages of m-libraries are that they can reach additional users, provide access to more expansive collections, and allow optimal utilization of library information sources. Disadvantages of m-library applications are that they require periodic preservation, including updates, fixing bugs and errors, and improving security and privacy (Aisyiyah, 2019;Mishra et al., 2017;H. Wang et al., 2019;Yasumatsu et al., 2019). Furthermore, sometimes users experience technical issues with any application that can disrupt their ease of use, such as an unstable internet connection. Therefore, there must always be upgrades for proper functioning of some features. One concern that remains an issue is the presence of malware that occurs in an application (H. Wang et al., 2019). In any application, there are user behaviours ranging from beginners to professionals, including users who are inexperienced but can understand an application easily and those who need direction or training when using a new application (Ocran et al., 2020). Libraries must also prepare user education content, such as direct training or recorded video tutorials on the use of m-library applications to help novice users. In short, an m-library application requires strong development from an internal perspective, namely in its features, preservation, and security, and from an external perspective related to user training and promotional factors. The m-library application is currently needed to meet the needs of online users with unlimited distances. This research contributes to the discovery of m-library applications used in Indonesia and illustrates that the library used as the m-library application model in its development. Thus, further research is expected to identify m-library application vendors and their specifications for the realm of schools and agencies so that appropriate recommendations could be suggested for libraries who want to start using the m-library application in their libraries.
The development of digital library services should be the goal of all libraries (Fatmawati, 2012). Librarians must understand technology ranging from developing mobile applications to predicting the impact of mobile technology on library services. Similar research regarding m-library applications, which showed that implementing the UMS Library application allowed the net generation to access library services using Android smartphones (Habib & Prasetyawan, 2016). Similarly, another study found that the features and appearance of m-library applications made it easy for users to access library services (Hariyani, 2019). By searching for the information to present in the m-library, a librarian's understanding of library material may become completer and more flexible. However, the ability of all users and librarians to navigate m-library applications remains a concern. Based on the explanation of previous studies, an analysis of the development of the m-library application in Indonesia until 2021 has not been carried out.

CONCLUSION
The development of a m-library in the form of a mobile application is intended to be used for online access of electronic books and services by library users. Our results indicate that libraries in Indonesia subscribe to the most applications on Kubuku e-resources, m-library software applications, or e-resources used in designing m-library applications, reaching 154 and 104 subscribers from Bina Pustaka and Gramedia Asri Media, respectively. Digital libraries in Indonesia that have not previously used an m-library application have a variety of choices, such as Kubuku, Gramedia, Bina Pustaka, and others, based on the needs of the application's users. Continuous improvement of m-library applications, both internally and externally, is necessary. Future opportunities exist for integration of m-libraries with other services. For example, users could read digital books in the m-library and place direct orders of books with a publisher that they wish to own on the same application.