Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia

Hegel’s Rationalism: The Dialectical Method of Approaching Metaphysical Problems

2023-02-28T07:01:01+00:00

Metaphysics is an essential thing in the study of philosophy. Metaphysics is a part of human knowledge related to the question of the most profound nature of existence. One of the philosophers who compiled a metaphysical system was G.W.F Hegel, who stated that the basic meaning of reality is human. The focus of the discussion in this research was to describe the basis for the productivity of Hegel’s thinking, especially rationalism (dialectics), and its relevance to theological issues in the religious realm. This research was library research with a philosophical approach that aimed to search and examine data or information about the characters’ thoughts. The research results found that Hegel’s dialectic through the mechanism of the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis has been used to approach metaphysical problems. Therefore, the most crucial thing can be applied in religious life with the spirit of critical dialogue toward a healthy and constructive religious association.

THE ETHICS OF RESPONSIBILITY: Philosophical Reflections on Relationality and Its Relevance to Deaf Culture

2023-05-02T15:01:06+00:00

Conscience is one thing that every human being has. The conscience becomes the witness and judge in human actions. Conscience, although it can only be felt by each person, becomes a measure of morality that is able to direct humans to act well and right. This then leads humans to act right in society. As part of society, conscientious people will also consider others in their way of life. Deaf friends are part of a society that cannot be denied. Using literature studies, this article seeks to explore the concept of relationality and then look at its relevance to Deaf culture that occurs in life. Deaf friends certainly have different cultures and rights from humans in general. Deaf culture gradually gained a place in social life. This should be triggered not only by reason, but also by human conscience which is increasingly aware of the existence of equal rights for every human being regardless of the conditions he experiences. Conscience needs to be nurtured and educated in order to be more able to make humans more morally sensitive so that Deaf Culture can really be presented to help Deaf Friends.

Dynamics of Quarter Life Crisis in the Perspective of Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram

2023-03-28T14:19:15+00:00

Quarter Life Crisis is a crisis that is often experienced in emerging adulthood. College students are one of the most vulnerable to this crisis due to various difficulties in the current era. This study examines the dynamics of the quarter life crisis faced by Yogyakarta students and looks at this crisis with Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram perspective's which contains the values and philosophical concepts of Indonesian society. This research also examines alternative solutions of the quarter life crisis based on the Ki Ageng Suryomentaram perspective. The research method is phenomenological qualitative research and library research. The results of this study show that individuals in quarter life crisis feel anxiety about their life followed by some typical behaviors that affect self-functioning. According to Suryomentaram's perspective, the quarter life crisis is related to "Rasa '' and "Karep '' which Mulur mungkret (raise-shrink) causes Bungah (happy) and Susah (Sad). Coping with the quarter life crisis is about self-regulation which in Ki Ageng Suryomentaram is focused on " Pangawikan Pribadi" and "Mawas Diri".

Ibn Khaldun's epistemology and its relevance to the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum in Indonesia

2023-02-02T07:37:12+00:00

This paper aims to reveal the epistemological concept offered by Ibnu Khaldun regarding Education and its relevance to the curriculum of Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative analysis, by means of a literature study of documents and previous research texts, it is found that theoretically there is little relevance between the curriculum initiated by Ibnu Khaldun and the curriculum developed in Islamic Education in Indonesia, namely in in the field of classification, but there are differences in the fields of subjects that are developed fundamentally, Ibnu Khaldun emphasized that the existence of a scientific classification does not give rise to a scientific dichotomy between the naqqliyah and aqliyah

Communication Ethics of Indonesian Netizens on Social Media as a Democratic Space in the Study of Public Sphere by Jurgen Habermas

2023-03-03T13:56:55+00:00

The focus of this writing is to question the phenomenon of netizen comments on various social media accounts as a space for freedom of expression. Social media often allows many people to express their feelings and circumstances. At the same time, social media has become a public space for conveying ideas to many people. In it, people are free to have opinions and comments without having strong validity. These netizen comments apparently can lead people to irrational communication because they are done without consideration. So in the methodology of writing this article, the researcher conducted a qualitative research study by searching for data through journals and books related to the communication ethics of Indonesian netizens. This paper will be based on the philosophy of public space by Jurgen Habermas who makes several claims in communicating. Then, after the data was collected, the researcher used the content analysis method to examine the research data. The analysis will produce research findings, namely that the communications and opinions conveyed in the comments column are often without rational consideration. Netizens tend to get carried away to participate in comments without understanding reality well. Social media is only seen as an ordinary public space without any element of rationality that respects each other's rights and encourages the formation of social solidarity.

The Emergence of Sects in Religion According to Richard Dawkins' Meme Theory

2023-07-18T08:22:54+00:00

This research aims to provide an overview of the development of religion in general according to Richard Dawkins' Meme Theory. The problem in this study is the unique phenomenon of the way religion maintains its existence and is accepted by humans along with the times. Meme theory sees the phenomenon of religious development in society beginning with changes in phenomena that appear and then embedded in the human mind. The pattern of change will affect the decisions taken by humans. The pattern of change that occurs in the cultural aspect also occurs in the religious aspect in order to maintain its existence. Allows the emergence of various new sects in the name of a particular religion. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach in explaining the emergence of religious schools in self-adjustment with the development of human life in a review of Dawkins meme thinking. The results of research describe Dawkins' reductionist thinking on the development of religion and present Dawkins' thought in viewing the emergence of schools in religion as a result of religious selection and adaptation to problems over time.

The OPM-KKB Rebellion in the Perspective of Alasdair Calmers MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics

2022-09-18T07:03:45+00:00

The focus of this paper is to explain the issue of the OPM-KKB rebellion against the TNI-Polri and
civilians in Papua based on the ethical virtues of Alasdair Calmers MacIntyre. This act of rebellion
was considered meaningless because it had a negative impact on civil society, the TNI-Polri, and
the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. According to Macintyre, the meaningfulness of an activity is related to honesty, trust, justice, and courage. This ethical virtue is important in creating the stability of shared life, especially in the context of the plurality of the Indonesian nation. The method used in this study is a literature study by exploring the news about the OPM-KKB rebellion which is contained in mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television, and the internet. The results showed that the OPM-KKB rebellion was meaningless based on Alasdair Calmers MacIntyre's concept of thought, because it did not meet the requirements of honesty, trust, justice and courage. In an effort to address this issue, several contributions from MacIntyre and researchers can be implemented. First, through narrative reconstruction to restore awareness that humans always interact and unite with other people in their lives, so that rebellions like the OPM-KKB are not repeated and individuals have clear goals in life. Second, by strengthening tradition, historical values that shape human consciousness as part of history can be realized and applied in common life. Third, through character education which aims to reduce the OPM-KKB rebellion movement and prevent provocation to the younger generation in Papua to join the movement, so that they love the land of the Republic of Indonesia even more. Through character education based on ethical virtues, the values of honesty, trust, justice and courage can be realized. In overcoming this problem, approaches through narrative reconstruction, strengthening traditions, and character education are important steps to create stability in living together and loving the homeland of the Unitary State of the Republic of
Indonesia

Anti-Realism Doesn't Dissolve by Realism: A Study of Epistemological Aspects, Methods of Constructing Modern Physics Knowledge on the Dualism of Light

2023-07-18T03:12:01+00:00

This article aims to provide insight into epistemology for how to construct new knowledge based on the views of realism and anti-realism in one of the modern physical theories of dualism of light. This article presents views on the theory of dualism of light starting from the epistemology of light, light as a wave, light as a particle and light dualism. The method used in this study is a critical literature review, which is a type of critical review to analyze and evaluate many sources on the topic of modern physics, especially dualism of light and its epistemological philosophy to construct knowledge of dualism of light, a comparison of realism versus antirealism about the dualism of light. The result is that in constructing new knowledge, the view of anti-realism does not necessarily fall away and produces a new view of realism. It can be seen from the dualism of light, in constructing knowledge, the anti-realist view with its theory (classical physics) is not necessarily wrong and fails when there is a new theory from the view of realism (modern physics). even from this case, philosophically the theory that is formed from the views or facts of empirical results forms new facts and the theory applies the power of theory as a bridge.

Analysis of the Condition of Knowing About Knowledge and Its Implementation in 21st Century Education

2023-04-19T16:25:44+00:00

Knowing is the most specific thought process and knowledge is the result. The branch of philosophy that examines the nature and theory of knowledge is called epistemology. The condition of knowing about knowledge needs to be analyzed so that it can be the basis for someone claiming a proposition as knowledge. A realistic question for the 21st century is what knowledge is most important for students and teachers to develop 21st century skills. The research method used is library research. The research was conducted by analyzing books, scientific articles, and relevant references related to the philosophy of knowledge and education in the 21st century. The results of the analysis provide information and meaning regarding the condition of knowing about knowledge and its implementation in the 21st century, including: 1) the variety of knowing consists of knowing that ( propositional knowledge), knowing how (practical/tacit knowledge), knowing will (aquitance), and knowing why; 2) proportional knowledge is formed based on the Justified True Belief (JTB) Condition formula; 3) data and information are two important and fundamental things in forming knowledge; and 4) there are three main categories of knowledge as the basis for 21st century learning, namely foundational knowledge (to know), meta knowledge (to act), and humanistic knowledge (to value).

Al-Ghazali's (1058-1111 AD) Thoughts About Ethics in Ihya Ulumuddin and Implications for Modern Society

2023-07-18T05:36:26+00:00

The current social conditions are presented with various kinds of human behavior, good and bad, moral and immoral. This behavior is related to ethics, how humans live life with ethical norms that apply in society or with written norms contained in religious scriptures, both of which aim at the common good. This article aims to explain the behavior of modern society, which has begun to forget the values of goodness even though a Muslim's behavior has been regulated in carrying out social life as it should be included in the current social order. The topic of study in this paper is how the Sufistic ethics of Imam Al-Ghazali in Ihya Ulumuddin and the implications for modern society. The method used in this paper is the analysis of Aristotle's ethical philosophy, by taking an approach to the phenomenon of the social order that is currently developing, and the primary data is the book of Ulumuddin's ihya. The results of this study are that the ethics intended by Imam Al-Ghazali are moral goodness that can nourish individuals in various fields such as politics and socio-economics, welfare, bringing happiness to others and this is in line with the goals of the state, upholding justice, wisdom, and peace and comfort, social services for citizens

Perkembangan Metode Klasifikasi Citra Penginderaan Jauh dalam Perspektif Revolusi Ilmiah Thomas Kuhn

2023-03-06T06:04:47+00:00

The rapid improvement of remote sensing technology has given rise to three paradigms of remote sensing image classification methods, namely pixel-based, object-based, and scene-based. This article aims to explain or reveal the development of remote sensing image classification methods and their relationship with Thomas Kuhn's scientific revolution process (pre-paradigm, normal science, anomaly, crisis, and scientific revolution) that occurs in the development of these classification methods. The preparation of this article uses a descriptive qualitative method. Reference sources are journal articles collected from the Scopus database with topics related to classification and remote sensing. Other reference sources are data extracted from review articles. From all the references collected, a literature study is then carried out by analyzing the article's title, abstract, and overall content. After that, the stages of the scientific revolution related to the development of classification methods in remote sensing images were described. Based on the review of the articles, it can be explained that the development of classification methods for remote sensing imagery began in the 1970s when the Landsat satellite was first launched. In this early period, the classification method used was based on pixels or sub-pixels, because the spatial resolution of remote sensing imagery was shallow. As remote sensing technology developed, in the 2000s a new approach was discovered that was more efficient than the pixel-based approach for classifying high-resolution imagery, namely object-based classification methods. Then, with the release of the land use dataset (UC-Merced) in the 2010s, scene-based remote sensing image interpretation began to be used, as pixel- and object-based methods were insufficient to classify correctly.

The Relation of Commander Power to Subordinates in the Duren Police Shooting Case Three Perspectives of Immanuel Kant's Ethical Philosophy

2023-02-22T04:20:03+00:00

Richard Eliezer's status as a Justice Collaborator regarding the murder case of Brigadier Yosua, he explained that the shooting had been planned by the defendant Ferdy Sambo, as stated in his testimony at the trIal. he even said that at the time of the shooting, he ordered Ricard to beat, not shoot. the occurrence of two different versions of the story, in this study we will not look at two different statements, let the judges judge the facts of the trIal. However, in this paper, the author will analyze the superior's orders to subordinates using Immanuel Kant's ethics. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, by collecting various kinds of secondary data that are relevant to the problem. In this study the authors used literature study. The result is Kant's view of ethics, which in accordance with this case is personal autonomy (human freedom), in this theory it is explained that all human beings on this earth must be autonomous and free, as meant by Ricard Eliezer, but they are framed by units, in this case POLRI , in police culture there is always something called obedience by subordinates to superiors, so we often hear the Commander's ready sentence, so that it is difficult for subordinates to refuse.

Kritik Boaventura de Sousa Santos terhadap Ideologi Pembangunan: Sebuah Epistemicide

2023-03-28T14:48:33+00:00

This study aims to explain criticism of developmentalism with Boaventura de Sousa Santos’ epistemicide theory. This study used the philosophy hermeneutic method. Boaventura de Sousa Santos’ epistemicide theory exposed the long history of Western epistemology’s domination over non-Western epistemologies. In the past, colonialism and imperialism used epistemicide to murder local knowledge in order to create Western epistemological supremacy. Today, epistemicide is used to justify developmentalism, where developing countries are directed to follow certain guidelines to reach modernity like Western civilization. Developmentalism has become a new form of Western domination over developing countries by eliminating local knowledge. In the end, the loss of knowledge will be contributed to the loss of local people’s control over the future of their nation. To overcome the impact of epistemicide, Santos offers 2 procedures: the ecology of knowledge and intercultural translation. Both of these procedures encourage the realization of an alternative epistemology based on recognition of domination and encourage respect for the epistemology diversity.

The Existence of Philosophy and Mantiq (Logic) in The Development of Islamic Sciences in The 5.0 Era

2023-07-21T15:16:00+00:00

Evaluation of Islamic science in its future development is carried out by studying the influence of mantiq science in the formation of Islamic sciences. Modern thinking in the 5.0 era is synonymous with the existence of Mantiq (logic) and the structure and rules of rational thinking. This research focuses on examining how the impact of mantiq on Islamic sciences in the past can be used as an indicator in determining whether mantiq knowledge (logic) is still valid or not for the development of modern science and Islamic studies in the current 5.0 era. This study uses a qualitative method with library research or literature review. Sources of data in this study into two parts, namely primary data and secondary data. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that mantiq or logic has a great influence on the development of Islamic studies in this era, especially in the study of aqidah, fiqh, and kalam. Many scientific works resulted from the implementation of mantiq, the development of mantiq science is inseparable from Islamic philosophy, the existence of mantiq or logic has developed very rapidly in the Islamic scientific world and has had an impact on human life since its emergence in the ancient Greek era.

Tradition of Balimau Kasai in Riau Melayu Land in Perspective Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl

2022-08-26T06:58:41+00:00

This paper aims to see the meaning of the Balimau Kasai tradition in Riau Malay Land in the perspective of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, namely through self-awareness gained from every experience. The Balimau Kasai tradition can be interpreted as a tradition of the Riau Malay community to purify themselves, gratitude and joy in welcoming the holy month of Ramadan. The influence of the times has made the tradition interpreted differently by today's children. They interpret this tradition as one of their own pleasures that can fade the positive values of the Balimau Kasai tradition.

Legal Philosophy Analysis on Civil Disobedience in The Modern Democratic Society

2023-03-01T04:27:47+00:00

Compliance with the law is generally understood as a necessity so that violation of the law means punishment. In contrast to the usual type of law violation, civil disobedience is often chosen by citizens as a means to voice the aspirations of the community when formally existing channels are deemed unable to work anymore. In the context of modern democratic society, this is interesting to study considering that citizens' obedience to the law is essential and is a logical consequence of the justification of the state through the mechanism of social contracts. Therefore, the civil disobedience movement will raise problems in the context of state legitimacy. This is the focus of the study in this research. The method used in this research is philosophical hermeneutics with methodical elements of interpretation, coherence, holistic, idealization, heuristics, and description. The results of the study indicate that the civil disobedience movement is an attempt by citizens to pressure the government to review moral standards which will later be applied to society through legal mechanisms. In this context, the emphasis is that the law should not only be seen as a formal rule (quid iuris) that must be obeyed by all citizens, but the law must reflect social justice (quid ius). When substantively the existing legal rules are believed to have violated the principles of community justice, civil disobedience is better understood as a moral obligation, not just a right, so that the consequences of punishment can be ignored. The spirit of resistance brought by the civil disobedience movement will always be anchored in the moral awareness of the function of justice in law. Civil disobedience becomes the moral face of lawlessness that has radical transformative power to reshuffle existing institutions or socio-political order. This is an inevitability in the constitutional democratic process that continues to undergo change, refinement, and never final.

Objektivikasi Subjek dalam Budaya Kontemporer berdasarkan Konsep Hiperrealitas Jean Baudrillard

2023-04-19T16:25:03+00:00

This study aims to explain Jean Baudrillard's concept of hyperreality specifically the objectification of the subject in the context of contemporary culture. According to Jean Baudrillard, in the world of hyperreality which is controlled by the latest information and communication technology, humans have lost their subjectivity. The object has controlled the subject so that there is no other choice for the subject but to allow himself to be in the control of the object. The objectification character of this subject is evident in the subject's passivity when using the internet, being in front of the television, and also the advertising machine. According to Baudrillard, in the face of these three forms of contemporary culture, the subject has been reduced to an object so that the subjectivity and dimensions of the subject's consciousness become dead. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method by conducting a literature study. The author specifically explores Jean Baudrillard's writings entitled “Simulacra and Simulation” (1981) which discusses a lot about the concept of hyperreality. The findings of this study are (1) subjects in contemporary culture have been reduced to objects through the simulation and simulacra skills of mass media technology, especially the internet, television, and advertising; (2) the objectification of this subject can be countered by re-realizing human subjectivity, namely the subject of consciousness.

The The Geneology of Power Politics in the '2024' Election System in Indonesia Michel Foucault's Ethical Perspective

2023-07-27T03:36:51+00:00

The focus of this research is to examine more deeply the meaning of Michel Foucault's Politics of Power in the democratic system of the '2024' general election in Indonesia. The author places the electoral system in its universal realm, while the 2024 election serves as a trigger to analyze more deeply the political genealogy of power in Indonesia, which in recent years has needed to be discussed in political-philosophical discourse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the philosophical ethical values of the democratic system in Indonesia, which are starting to receive special attention ahead of the 2024 elections. Foucault's power ethics refers to the role of Indonesian democracy which remains on the constitutional basis of democracy which is sovereign from the people, by the people and for the people. By using a qualitative method of Foucault's ethical philosophy, the authors discuss it in a contextual comparative study with the political situation in Indonesia. The author finds through genealogy analysis of power politics is a democracy that will never be separated from power politics in any government system. Thus, a policy of philosophical critical thinking is needed to question the origins, construction, and effects of existing power practices in elections so that everyone who plays the political arena remains based on constitutional foundations, namely Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

Konsep Nasionalisme Michael Sastrapratedja: Sebuah Tinjauan Filsafat Pancasila dalam Rangka Pengembangan Karakter Bangsa

2023-05-19T16:02:29+00:00

Penelitian ini berangkat dari persoalan kebangsaan di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah tension antara budaya lokal dengan budaya global, yang mengakibatkan berubahnya opini generasi muda terhadap pentingnya nasionalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau ulang konsep nasionalisme Michael Sastrapratedja guna memberikan solusi terkait persoalan kebangsaan yang ada di Indonesia, sehingga dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran nasionalisme dan sikap kritis masyarakat Indonesia dalam melihat peluang dan ancaman globalisasi terhadap keutuhan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode hermeneutika filosofis dengan model pendekatan historis-faktual tokoh. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa nasionalisme Michael Sastrapratedja lebih fokus pada internasionalisme humanis dengan menekankan pada keseimbangan antara budaya lokal dan budaya global. Globalisasi bukanlah sebuah ancaman, sebaliknya globalisasi merupakan sebuah kesempatan untuk melakukan transformasi budaya. Nasionalisme dengan pendekatan Pancasila menjadi pedoman utama terkait menentukan sikap kritis dalam kancah global. Nasionalisme Michael Sastrapratedja berbentuk kritis-progresif visioner yang melihat tujuan nasionalisme sebagai sebuah transformasi positif.

The Energy in the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy

2022-12-26T04:26:25+00:00

This article is presented with library research. Literature studies were conducted on books, scientific articles, and references relevant to the concept of energy from a philosophical perspective. Then it is synthesized systematically and in-depth to provide information in the form of meaningful and useful research results. So the results of a literature review on energy from a philosophical perspective are: 1) The universe is composed of particles and energy; 2) All living things on this earth need energy; 3) The human mind is a magnet for generating energy; 4) Energy in humans is divided into two, namely positive and negative energy; 5) The selection of energy that is channeled will determine who the individual is. So it can be said that humans with reason and knowledge have full power over themselves to manage these two potentials.