Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia

Tinjauan Filosofis Pragmatisme John Dewey Terhadap Persoalan Sekularisasi Agama

Dominiq Fransz Santiago — 2024-09-30

This article attempts to elaborate on John Dewey's views on the practical-pragmatic role of religion, and looks at the importance of reinterpreting traditional ideas of religion, such as faith and God, so that people would not get false conception about religion. Thus, using a critical analysis method of literature references and through the views of John Dewey, this paper aims to provide an understanding of the strategic role of religion in society, apart from being a system of societal beliefs that shapes individual ethical behavior, as well as a basis for building societal morals, which through this understanding, it is hoped that we can stem secularization which is increasingly diminishing the role of religion in society. Religion can be said to be society's moral compass which helps construct society's ethical life. As time and technology develop, religion also develops through various forms in an effort to adapt. The recent problem is that society from a secular perspective tends to assume that morality can be achieved outside of religion. Secularization is inevitable because religion is seen as something that is often used for political purposes rather than as a moral guidance for society. Therefore, religion today is seen more as a private matter, and should not be included in public affairs. This phenomenon is adapted to the view of secularism which emphasizes rational and logical thinking, while religion is closely related to sacred values that are supernatural. The conclusion is that through Dewey's Pragmatism, we can see that religion pragmatically is a moral guideline for society and a belief system that carries the values of fairness, justice, peace, so as to create a dynamic and harmonious society amidst the various differences that exist.

Pengaruh Religiusitas terhadap Disposisi Berpikir Kritis dengan Keyakinan Epistemik serta Emosi Epistemik sebagai Mediator

Ahmad Sulaiman — 2024-09-30

The critical thinking disposition is one of the key characteristics for success in the global competition of the 21st century. This concept refers to the extent to which a person has a tendency to be skeptical, gather more evidence, and analyze the information encountered. This disposition is generally shared by the students and the scholars in philosophy or a society with a high appreciation of philosophy, science and secularism. Recently there has been an interest in looking more deeply and empirically at the influence of social aspects such as religion and culture on critical thinking disposition. Conflicting research results were found showing the positive and negative influence of religion on critical thinking dispositions. These mixed results indicate the possibility of the presence of a mediator variable that can change the direction of the relationship or influence between the two variables. This research is interested in examining the influence of religiosity on critical dispositions through two pathways. The first path is the direct path of the two variables. Meanwhile, the second path is the path mediated by epistemic beliefs and epistemic emotions. The research results show that epistemic beliefs can be a partial mediator for the causal relationship between religiosity and critical thinking disposition. However, epistemic emotions cannot be a mediator for both variables. These results show that religion, especially in Indonesian Muslims, has a significant influence on a person's critical attitude and that influence can become stronger if accompanied by contextualist epistemic.

Progresivitas Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Perspektif Epistemologi

Mellyzar Mellyzar — 2024-09-30

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly, and the increasing reliance on AI technology brings several advantages, such as improved efficiency, enhanced personalization, and smarter decision-making. However, this growing dependency also raises concerns regarding the epistemological foundations of AI. This study aims to examine the epistemology of AI development through qualitative research using a literature review approach. AI is a fusion of science and technology. Classical sources of knowledge, such as sensory experience, rationality, and testimony, remain crucial in human efforts to understand reality, despite AI offering sophisticated tools for data analysis and prediction. The knowledge produced by AI is complex and varies depending on the context and the type of system employed. AI’s complex algorithms, often perceived as a "black box," make it challenging to understand how AI arrives at specific conclusions, raising questions about the validity and reliability of its knowledge. Thus, understanding how AI functions, evaluating its sources, comparing them with other knowledge sources, and applying common sense are essential when analyzing AI-generated data.

Perdamaian Dunia di Era Globalisasi dalam Perspektif Metafisis Alfred North Whitehead

Yusuf Mario Sihombing — 2024-09-30

The current global society is increasingly filled with various complex problems. War, the phenomenon of the "Double Effect of Modernity," poverty, world hunger, and even the global climate crisis has significantly exacerbated global conditions. This situation urges humanity to urgently rebuild the awareness of living together in the spirit of peace for the sake of human welfare itself. Peace becomes a very important value in building human life globally to avoid competitive and apathetic situations among nations. To explore the understanding of reality and existence amid the dynamics of the modern world, Alfred North Whitehead's metaphysical philosophy provides very helpful guidance for humans to introspect on the plurality of each individual's existence. Whitehead's concept of "Process and Reality" depicts reality as a series of continuously changing processes within a metaphysical unity. This understanding allows us to see peace as a result of the integration of humanity in a world of mutual dependence and interconnectedness. Moreover, religion inherently plays an important role in the effort to shape global peace by inspiring values such as justice and humanity. This research is qualitative. Using the literature study method, the author implements Whitehead's thoughts on the current concrete situation. Whitehead's metaphysical perspective opens up a viewpoint on peace as a unifying factor for the world holistically, particularly as an effort to face geopolitical challenges and global conflicts. The purpose of this research is to encourage public introspection on the importance of a harmonious awareness of collective life that implies a spirit of peace.

Kuntowijoyo's Concept of Scientification of Islam and its Relevance for Post-Secular Society

Richo Bintang Mahendra — 2024-09-30

Modernity is a period that gave birth to the phenomenon of secularization of science. Religion was only placed in the private sphere. However, in the 21st century, religion is now starting to appear in the public sphere. Religious discourse can appear in the exchange of discourse in the public sphere. This paper discusses the discourse of religion as a paradigm in the development of sciences in Kuntowijoyo's idea of Scientification of Islam as an new framework to viewing relationship between religion and sciences. In addition to describing descriptively, this paper also tries to see the relevance of Kuntowijoyo's ideas in the social context of post-secular society. The research method this study is Hans-Georg Gadamer's contextual interpretation. Gadamer states that the understanding process is a fusion between the horizon of the writer and the reader. The method is used by the author in seeing the relevance of the concept of Scientification of Islam to the reality of post-secular society. The results of this study show that descriptively Scientification of Islam is an effort to demystify, which is to draw the text into the human social context. Demystification of Islam can be a new discourse for the development of Islamic thought in order to realize Islam rahmatan lil alamin. Efforts in realizing Islam rahmatan lil alamin are achieved through two stages that are interrelated with each other, namely the integralization of Quranic discourse with general sciences and objectification of Quranic discourses so that they can be accepted by society in general. The concept of Scientification of Islam offered by Kuntowijoyo can be an effort of Muslims in translating particular theological language into a generally accepted language, so that the Islamic discourses contained in the Quran can be relevant and accepted in general by all secular societies in the context of post- secular society.

Corak Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid dalam Bingkai Politik Kebangsaan di Indonesia

Taufik Hidayatulloh — 2024-09-30

The process of seeking meaning within oneself is a deep and often complex journey involving various psychological, emotional, and philosophical aspects. This includes when an individual interprets themselves as a volunteer. This study explores the experiences and life meanings of social volunteers in Bali through the lens of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism. The data for this research was collected through in-depth interviews with three informants, selected using snowball sampling techniques. The interview results were then analyzed using Sartre's existentialist perspective. The findings, related to the principle that "existence precedes essence," suggest that volunteers in this study are able to find meaning in themselves through the experiences they gain while existing as volunteers. Regarding the experience of etre en soi (being-in-itself), volunteers have the capacity to manipulate various facts to preserve their existence. The form of manipulation observed is through neglect that occurs when volunteers experience discrediting by their surrounding social environment. The experience of etre en soi faced by volunteers does not lead them to feel they are in a state of 'bad faith' (mauvaise foi). Volunteers in this study can be considered existentialists, possessing a dimension of authenticity within themselves. These volunteers do not perceive their engagement in social activities as a form of coercion but rather as a willingness to fulfill their instinct for freedom.

Kajian Nilai Kebudayaan Terhadap Fenomena Harmonisasi Antara Tradisionalitas Dan Modernitas pada Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Kebudayaan Georg Simmel

Ahmad Nilmadza Azmi — 2024-09-30

Indigenous society have been understood as a conservative type of society that lives closed and away from technology. However, this is not the case for the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Indigenous Community in Sukabumi, West Java. They have their own way of maintaining the ancestral traditions that have become their identity, while still following the modern technological developments. In this study, through the perspective of cultural value studies and Georg Simmel's sociology of culture, we will try to describe the cultural phenomena contained in the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar indigenous community that related to the harmonization between traditionality and modernity and what the cultural values are the background of this phenomena. This research aims to describe cultural phenomena in the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar indigenous community in the form of harmonization between local culture and modernity and formulate how this community can integrate traditionality and modernity. The method used in this research is a mixed qualitative and quantitative method with a case study approach with the main data sources coming from field observations, in-depth interviews, and surveys.

Problem Kejahatan dan Kemahakuasaan Tuhan dalam Perspektif Advaita Vedanta

I Gede Arya Juni Arta — 2024-09-30

This research examines the problem of evil and its relationship with the omnipotence of God from the perspective of Advaita Vedanta. Evil exists, and on the other hand, God also exists with various attributes of omnipotence, such as being all-perfect, all-good, all-powerful, and so on. This type of research is a literature study, using the hermeneutic method. The aim of this research is to conduct a philosophical study of the problem of evil and the relationship of God in the world. Based on the research findings, it is known that the world and its empirical phenomena are a projection of maya, and ignorance (avidya) is the cause of the duality of evil. Individuals who are enveloped in maya and avidya perceive this empirical world as real, whereas only Brahman is the ultimate reality. Sri Sankara asserts that the concept of a personal God (Saguna Brahman) is not the highest. The highest Brahman is Nirguna Brahman, an absolute reality without qualities, which is described through negation as neti-neti (not this, not that). The conflict in human understanding of a perfect God has created an imperfect world and the existence of evil in the face of a God with attributes of omnipotence, occurs at the level of limited human thinking. The limitations of the human mind in comprehending the unmanifested lead humans to only grasp a manifest God.

The Kekuasaan dan Seksualitas: Homofobia sebagai Konstruksi Sosial dalam Perspektif Foucault

Ratri Ayu Bethari — 2024-09-30

Homophobia is often regarded as a normal response to homosexuality, which deviates from social and religious norms. The term was first coined by psychologist George Weinberg in his book Society and the Healthy Homosexual (1972) to describe prejudice, fear, and rejection towards homosexual individuals. This research aims to understand that views on homosexuality are not natural but influenced by norms and values constructed through Michel Foucault's theory of discourse. The focus of this study is how homophobia, from Foucault's perspective, emerges as a discourse created by power to control society. The research method employed is a literature study with a hermeneutic approach to analyze texts related to Foucault's thoughts and homophobia. The findings indicate that power, according to Foucault, is pervasive and not centralized. Discourse, as a result of the dissemination of knowledge by power, plays a role in shaping society's perception of homosexuality. This discourse creates categories of normal and abnormal sexuality, with homosexuality being considered deviant. The study concludes that homophobia is a social construct formed by the discourse of power to maintain control over society, and that negative views towards homosexuality are based on norms and values produced by power through discourse

Meneropong Relevansi Konsep Kebebasan Fichte Terhadap Pandangan Kebebasan dalam Etika Kontemporer

Dominikus M. Aja — 2024-09-30

Medieval philosophy is a system of philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the role of revelation in the field of science, thus trying to synthesize Christian theology with Greek philosophy. Such emphasis made many philosophers give birth to various dogmatic thoughts. Dogmatic thoughts always lead to the concept of human freedom as a false freedom and not absolute freedom so that life in accordance with determination is a good life while life otherwise is bad. The consequence of such thinking is the loss of human dignity as an autonomous and intelligent being. The false and dogmatic idea of freedom was strongly criticized and opposed by Fichte. Through his various thoughts in subjective idealism and ethics, Fichte emphasized that all humans are free and autonomous beings because they have consciousness and reason in themselves. As autonomous and intelligent beings, every human being can determine their lives freely without any coercion from outside themselves. In addition, human freedom according to Fichte is freedom that is responsible for others. This means that one's freedom of action should not violate the freedom of others because all humans have the same dignity. Fichte's thinking contradicts the contemporary concept of freedom, which is individualized and ignores social solidarity. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis method by means of literature study in collecting both primary and secondary data on Fichte's philosophy and freedom thought.

Filsafat Sains dan Inkuiri Sebagai Pendekatan dalam Membelajarkan Konsep Kekekalan Massa Lavoisier's Law

Desi Aryanti Nabuasa — 2024-09-30

The process of learning science is inseparable from the nature of science, which includes knowledge about methods (epistemology), the process of science formation (ontology), and the values and beliefs supporting the development of science (axiology). This study aims to examine and explain Lavoisier’s law of conservation of mass (Lavoisier Law) through the lenses of epistemology, ontology, and axiology. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with document analysis involving the collection, analysis, and interpretation of non-numerical data from various articles published in both national and international journals. The results of this study reveal that the ontological analysis of Lavoisier’s law of conservation of mass can be observed through Lavoisier's experimental facts. The epistemological analysis of Lavoisier’s law explains how Antoine Lavoisier discovered the law and how its validity can be assessed. The axiological analysis of Lavoisier’s law is understood as a study of how the law is applied or utilized and its connection to moral and ethical considerations. The concept of Lavoisier’s law of conservation of mass can be taught using a real-world applications inquiry approach, involving activities such as conducting chemical reaction simulations, product design projects, and real- world case analyses. The real-world applications level can help students improve their skills in data collection and interpretation based on experiments, making predictions, and constructing logical arguments based on scientific evidence, as well as making and justifying decisions based on the obtained evidence

Perenialitas Kritis Sebagai Bentuk Evaluasi Atas Implementasi Spiritualitas Tentang Filsafat Nusantara

Arqom Kuswanjono — 2024-09-30

The basic problem of this research is to explore perennial thought in the spirituality. Nusantara Philosophy as a big problem in the context of how to develop it. This research is an initiative to get the core of the thought must be evaluated. The Nusantara philosophy has a unique in order to solve the problem. Problem in the meaning of the Nusantara philosophy has a special purpose. The special purpose of Nusantara philosophy to solve the problem of life. The problem of life dilemma. Method of this research is critical constructive which is bring the Nusantara philosophy to the spirituality values. Firstly, the position of spirituality has to be flexible. It is a big problem for spirituality because flexibility it does not mean nothing. Secondly, flexibility is not becoming isolate of the truth in nature. Thirdly, to make an effort in order to construct the critical spirituality. Results of the research show about Nusantara Philosophy can be developed based on the spirituality which is understood to build the construction of reality of the nation culture. It is a big problem in the context of the Nusantara Philosophy because of the reality of scientific can be developed by a lot of methods. For that, it is important to know about how the spirituality can be a basic need in order to understand about the Nusantara Philosophy. It is important to understand based on culture. Therefore, firstly, critical perennial can create an important notion to the culture and secondly to give an opportunity in order to make a decision in the context of Nusantara philosophy.

Membangun Kesadaran Ekologis di Era Digital: Eksplorasi Filsafat Nilai Max Scheler dalam Konten Pandawara Group

Ahmad Rama Dony — 2024-09-30

The serious problem of waste has become a major catalyst in the current global environmental crisis. This challenge has prompted various groups to formulate concrete solutions to deal with the negative impacts of suboptimal waste management. In the digital era, the link between value philosophy and digital content is becoming increasingly important. Digital content, especially those spread through social media, contains values that require in-depth exploration to understand its ethical implications for the transformation of the mindset and behavior of the wider community. This study aims to find and describe the values present in the action and publication of waste management content by Pandawara Group from the perspective of Max Scheler's philosophy of value. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study illustrate a number of values reflected in the action and publication of Pandawara Group's content related to waste management. First, the emergence of happiness value, which is found in the positive impact felt by media users in general when interacting with Pandawara Group's content. Secondly, there is the emergence of vital value, which is reflected in efforts to reawaken awareness of public welfare and health. Third, there is an evocation of spiritual concern for the surrounding environment for social media users by showing the link between the spiritual dimension and environmental preservation. Finally, at the highest stage, the emergence of sacred values, which are reflected in respect for the rights of nature that must be preserved. Pandawara Group has transformed into an entity that not only acts as an agent of change, but also has a significant positive impact in creating values of awareness, wisdom, and prosperity among the community in an effort to preserve the environment.

Telaah Etika Seksual Terhadap Fenomena Perselingkuhan dalam Hubungan Monogami

Sri Yulita Pramulia Panani — 2024-09-30

This research is based on the phenomenon of monogamy in Indonesian relationships. Cheating is a form of betrayal of commitment, but it is still carried out by the individual perpetrator. I mean, cheating isn't new knowledge as a bad act, but the cheater still does it. So, the purpose of this study is to describe the causes of sexual intercourse in monogamous relationships. (marital infidelity). As well as analyzing normative ethical theoretical views on acts of conspiracy in monogamous relationships. This research method is qualitative descriptive research that uses library data. The data from this research linked the material object of the phenomenon of marriage with the formal object of sexual ethics. In analysis, methodical elements include interpretation, holistic, descriptions, and critical reflection The results of this study show that marital infidelity is the first cause, which can be motivated by an unoptimal relationship and is characterized by low satisfaction, high conflict, and a lack of good communication. Other factors include sexual desire, searching for varied love, being sexually dissatisfied, angry with the partner, wanting more love and attention than the partner gives, and feeling neglected. Secondly, Kant's ethical normative deontology, consequentialism (utilitarianism, ethics egoism), and virtue ethics do not justify the acts of infidelity.

Studi Fenomenologi Eksistensial Sukarelawan Sosial di Bali dalam Tinjauan Eksistensialisme Jean Paul Sartre

Ni Wayan Ditha Sasmitha — 2024-09-30

Sir Francis Galton's Philosophy of Measurement Science and Its Relevance for the Development of the Psychometric Paradigm

Dwi Yan Nugraha — 2024-09-30

This article discusses the origins of the psychometric paradigm and its reliance on the notion that mental attributes can be measured. Galton's assumption that mental attributes can be discerned through definite actions in response to definite situations is misguided. This article highlights the ternary nature of causality, involving causes, effects, and specific causal fields. The same cause may not produce the same effect in different causal fields, and different causes may produce the same effect in different causal fields. The relationships between observable measures and aspects of character are unclear, and indirect indices of mental attributes are inherently ambiguous. This article focuses on Francis Galton's role in establishing these beliefs and argues that his reasoning was flawed and influenced by Pythagoras' philosophy of science and his desire to present eugenics as science. This paper aims to describe Sir Francis Galton's theory regarding the science of measurement and its relevance to psychometrics. Using the literature review method on various sources (scientific articles and textbooks) related to the topic of discussion. Overall, this article challenges the assumption that mental attributes are inherently quantitative and argues for a more nuanced understanding of measurement in psychometrics.

Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan: Khazanah Pemikiran Plato dan Relevansinya Dengan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi

Muhammad Irsyad — 2024-09-30

Academic values are vital for all mankind. It is a necessity that education is not only used to achieve IQ (Intelligence Quotient) but EQ (Emotional Quotient) is also a priority. So it is not surprising that Plato since 400 years B.C. has initiated in such a way how education is carried out by the people who teach and the students who are taught so that both of them achieve true knowledge. This essay was prepared using library research methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. This study uses Plato's philosophy of mind to gain a thorough knowledge of the significance of education, particularly in universities. Of course, various books, scientific articles, and other documents were used to examine the academic principles contained in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education through Plato's ideas. This is what inspires universities to be at the top of the standings in Indonesia's educational strata with its form through Tri Dharma. There is also if the two sources that contain academic values can be implemented in a plenary manner, then it will produce people which derive from civitas academica who are labeled as academic wisdom.

”Akan Setia Pada Bumi” Sebagai Etika Ekologi (Keseimbangan Antara Manusia dan Alam dalam Pemikiran Nietzsche)

Albertus Riko — 2024-09-30

The critical thinking disposition is one of the key abilities for success in the global competition of the 21st century. This concept refers to the extent to which a person has a tendency to be skeptical, gather more evidence, and analyze the information encountered. This disposition is generally shared by the students and the scholars in philosophy or a society with a high appreciation of philosophy, science and secularism. Recently there has been an interest in looking more deeply and empirically at the influence of social aspects such as religion and culture on critical thinking disposition. Conflicting research results were found showing the positive and negative influence of religion on critical thinking dispositions. These mixed results indicate the possibility of the presence of a mediator variable that can change the direction of the relationship or influence between the two variables. This research is interested in examining the influence of religiosity on critical dispositions through two pathways. The first path is the direct path of the two variables. Meanwhile, the second path is the path mediated by epistemic beliefs and epistemic emotions. It is hoped that this research can develop an explanation of the various and contradictory findings regarding the relationship or influence between the variables of religiosity and critical disposition. The research results show that epistemic beliefs can be a partial mediator for the causal relationship between religiosity and critical thinking disposition. However, epistemic emotions cannot be a mediator for both variables. These results show that religion, especially in Indonesian Muslim, has a significant influence on a person's critical attitude and that influence can become stronger if accompanied by contextualist epistemic.

Business Philosophy of the Family Micro Culinary Enterprises. A Comparative Study of the Ayam Topan and Sulam Rice Shops’ Praxis in Jababeka Bekasi

Andreas Yumarma — 2024-09-30

Along with the modern market and mall dynamic, the family micro-culinary enterprises show their existence and survival amid the strict competition and the pandemic impact. Basic principles and fundamental conceptual foundations work as a business philosophy, sustaining their existence and continuous improvement. This writing aims to discover and examine the business philosophy behind the praxis of the business activities in Family Micro Culinary Enterprises. The method of study is analytical, descriptive, phenomenological, and comparative to discover the business philosophy in practice and how it is applied in business activities. In conclusion, this writing offers a conceptual contribution to the science of the philosophy of business based on the family sma ll culinary enterprises, and some recommendations are given for the survival of the family micro culinary enterprises in the post-pandemic recovery competition.

Epistemologi Kritis Konstruktif ke Arah Pembangunan Metodologi dan Metode

Ngurah Weda Sahadewa — 2024-09-30

Constructive is a one of the key words in this research which is find of the precision meaning. The meaning of critical constructive can be developed by dimensions of epistemology and the dimensions of epistemology has an influence for the progress of the way of critical thinking. The constructive in the critical thought can be developed by self-critical constructive and critical constructive for the critical self-development. The method in philosophy can be developed by the method of every scientific at all. It means that first, the truth of knowledge based on reality. Second, the truth of reality not only about the fact but also about the construction. Third, epistemology that can be critical constructive if there is a correlation with the actuality or reality. The truth can be proved. If examined more deeply, there will be detailed errors regarding the actual ability of philosophy to understand the crucial relationship between reality and epistemologically constructed research activities. Therefore, the importance of this research is to produce basic provisions for the role of constructive critical epistemology to be developed as an important part of the development of methodology and methods, especially in the field of philosophical scientific studies. For this reason, basic methodological and methodical tools are needed based on constructive critical epistemology so that constructive critical epistemology obtains its implementation value in a constructive manner.