Mewaspadai Bencana: Perspektif Global tentang Komunikasi Risiko Bencana
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Abstract
Pertumbuhan penduduk, globalisasi, dan perubahan lingkungan membuat masyarakat lebih rentan terhadap bencana. Untuk mencegah kerugian besar dari nyawa dan harta benda yang mengakibatkan penderitaan manusia, negara-negara di dunia saat ini membutuhkan sistem peringatan dini, yang merupakan bagian integral dari komunikasi risiko bencana. Bencana adalah konsekuensi yang terjadi ketika kondisi alam atau teknologi mempengaruhi masyarakat rentan seperti banjir, angin puting beliung, atau bencana alam lainnya. Kerugian yang menyertai bencana adalah kerugian finansial dan sosial Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau sejumlah kerangka teoritis yang menjelaskan bagaimana masyarakat menanggapi peringatan risiko bencana, serta mengidentifikasi komponen peringatan yang efektif dan teknik evaluatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai keberhasilan penerapan sistem peringatan bencana. Kajian kebencanaan serta konsep dan kajian praktis mengenai berbagai bencana di dunia dilakukan dengan teknik studi literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang mempengaruhi peringatan bencana secara umum diantaranya adalah komponen sumber, saluran, dan konten pesan dalam informasi tentang bencana. Lebih lanjut, indikator-indikator yang juga perlu diperhatikan dalam penanganan bencana adalah jenis bencana, lokasi dan waktu kejadian bencana, serta karakterisitik penerima pesan dalam informasi bencana.
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