Implementasi Sistem Pendukung Kehidupan Kompleks untuk Komunitas Ikan Karang di Oseanarium Silinder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i1.51533Keywords:
Ikan Hias, Oseanarium Silindris, Plankton, Penyakit, Sistem Penyangga KehidupanAbstract
Oseanarium merupakan fasilitas eduwisata dengan potensi sebagai media konservasi eksitu. Oseanarium memerlukan berbagai teknologi untuk menjaga kualitas air dan lingkungan agar sesuai untuk pemeliharaan suatu komunitas ikan tertentu. Makalah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang sistem penyangga kehidupan yang digunakan pada oseanarium silindris, komposisi serta karakteristik koleksi ikan, dan aspek pemeliharaannya. Inventarisasi dilakukan terhadap komponen penyusun sistem penyangga kehidupan; kualitas air serta diukur; komunitas ikan yang ada diidentifikasi, diamati perilakunya serta ditentukan komposisinya berdasarkan status konservasi, kebiasaan makan dan status pengelolaannya; komunitas plankton pada air, penyakit dan ektoparasit pada koleksi ikan diidentifikasi; preferensi pakan ikan ditentukan melalui observasi langsung. Oseanarium silindris menggunakan pencahayaan buatan dan penyangga kehidupan kompleks berupa sistem resirkulasi dengan sump yang dilengkapi filter fisik, biologis, sand filter, protein skimmer dan generator ozon. Komponen-komponen dihubungkan dengan jaringan pemipaan sehingga sirkulasi air berjalan secara kontinu. Pergantian air parsial diterapkan untuk menjaga kualitas air. Sistem tersebut dapat memenuhi kriteria fisik air dan telah digunakan sebagai media hidup bagi 16 jenis ikan karang yang sebagian besar merupakan omnivora serta planktivora dengan status konservasi IUCN LC. Ikan mengkonsumsi pakan segar dan buatan serta menunjukkan perilaku yang berbeda-beda pada lingkungan oseanarium. Teridentifikasi 10 genus plankton dengan kaenekaragaman sedang (H’: 2,02 ) dimana Trichodesmium sp. sebagai jenis dengan kelimpahan tertinggi. Terdapat infestasi tingkat rendah dari parasit Neobenedia sp. pada 3 jenis ikan serta kasus exophthalmia. Sistem penyangga kehidupan dapat diigunakan dalam pemeliharaan polikultur terhadap komunitas ikan karang dengan keragaman sedang yang didalamnya berisikan ikan kategori indikator kesehatan karang.
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