Peningkatan Biodegradabilitas dan Penyerapan Air Akibat Penambahan Mikroselulosa Hasil Isolasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dalam Bioplastik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i2.52469Keywords:
Bioplastik, mikroselulosa, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, uji biodegradabilitas, uji mekanikAbstract
Bioplastik adalah jenis bahan yang cakupannya luas, meliputi plastik berbasis bio (bio-based) tetapi tidak harus biodegradabel ataupun plastik berbahan dasar petrokimia dan bio yang dianggap bersifat biodegradable. Penggunaan bioplastik diharapkan dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yang diakibatkan sampah plastik konvensional. Namun seringkali sifat fisik dari bioplastik belum sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan, misalnya dalam hal kekuatan mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan mikroselulosa hasil isolasi dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap sifat bioplastik komposit dari PVA-selulosa-asam sitrat-pati-gliserol. Adapun tahapan metode yang dilakukan: preparasi serat, delignifikasi, hidrolisis asam, pembuatan film tipis bioplastik, serta karakterisasi mikroselulosa dan plastik yang dihasilkan. Mikroselulosa hasil isolasi memiliki derajat kristalinitas 39% dan diameter serat ± 8,5 μm. Bioplastik dengan lima variasi penambahan massa mikroselulosa: masing-masing diuji kekuatan mekanik, biodegradabilitas dengan metode soil burial test, dan penyerapan air. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan pengaruh penambahan mikroselulosa terhadap bioplastik, yaitu dalam hal peningkatan kekuatan tarik dari bioplastik menjadi 7 - 8 MPa dan persen elongasi 10-16%. Biodegradabilitas dan penyerapan air dari bioplastik semakin tinggi seiring dengan penambahan jumlah mikroselulosa dalam bioplastik.
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