Green Open Space Analysis with Utilization Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System in Banda Aceh City

Banda Aceh City, the capital of Aceh Province, has experienced both urban development and an increase in population. The increase in the physical development of the city in the form of the construction of residential areas, transportation facilities, trade, industry, and other services has resulted in an increase in the transfer of land from open space to built-up space, which in turn has an impact on reducing green open space (RTH). The purpose of this research is to determine whether the city of Banda Aceh has fulfilled the status of a city with sufficient green open space of 30% of the total area of Banda Aceh city if studied through remote sensing. This study aimed to analyze the green open spaces of Banda Aceh City based on remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The scope of this research is the entire district of Banda Aceh City. The proportion of Banda Aceh City that must be made into an open green area is a minimum of 1,840.89 ha (30%) with the provisions of 20% public green open space and 10% private green open space. Data processing methods and techniques use Spatial analysis with exploratory methods. Based on the results of data analysis through remote sensing. This study concludes that Banda Aceh City's green open space is currently 2,461.57 ha (41.11%), with the distribution of public green open space of 878.24 ha (14.31%) and private green open space of 1,583.32 ha (25.80%). It cannot be said that it meets the criteria for the number of green open spaces because the number of private green open spaces is greater than the number of public green open spaces.


Introduction
Banda Aceh City as the capital city of Aceh Province has experienced rapid development both in terms of city development and an increase in population. The rapid development of physical facilities and infrastructure in the form of developing residential areas, transportation facilities, construction, trade, office centers, culinary tourism, industry and household activities in Banda Aceh City and its surroundings has had an impact on the accumulation of various types of pollutants in the urban environment, including in air. Besides that, the physical development of the city has triggered a decrease in the quantity of green belt vegetation cover, city parks, and other green areas that function as shade, noise reduction, microclimate regulator, carbon dioxide absorber and oxygen producer, this is what causes a reduction in green open space in Banda Aceh city.
Cities and urban areas are centers of settlements and population activities has administrative area boundaries regulated in a statutory regulation to show the character and characteristics of urban life. Considering that the development of a city is always followed by an urbanization process, thus the city and Urban areas are always dynamic in terms of structure, shape, face, and appearance city. Urban development is also the result of urban conflict resolution occur, and reflects the development of the civilization of city residents and managers (Chafid et al., 2004).One of the conflicts that has recently increased in the region urban areas is an environmental problem, so integration is needed environmental planning into urban spatial planning (Budihardjo, 2005). Spatial planning and the environment have a very broad meaning because of the city A good one is a spatial unit that is planned based on needs components of the arrangement of space, to create an atmosphere of comfort and health for its citizens. From this concept, it can be understood that spatial planning is a concept of thought or idea in all aspects of activity within an area (Tarigan, 2010 The decrease in the quantity and quality of green open space has resulted in a decrease in the quality of the urban environment such as high air pollution, and decreased community productivity due to stress due to the limited public space available for social interaction. In this case, far-reaching thinking is needed and a re-orientation of the city's development vision is needed that takes the environment and sustainable development into account. Spatial utilization strategies for cultivation areas and protected areas need to be carried out creatively, so that the conversion of productive land or green areas into non-green and nonproductive areas can be controlled to increase the sense of comfort for residents living areas. One of the technologies that can be used to obtain information on the distribution and extent of green open space in Banda Aceh City is to use remote sensing technology and geographic information systems. Remote sensing technology is a technology that can be utilized. Remote sensing is a science or technology to obtain information or natural phenomena through the analysis of data obtained from recordings of the object, area or phenomenon being studied. The recording or collection of remote sensing data is carried out using sensors installed on aircraft or satellites (Lillesand et al., 2004) Remote sensing, often abbreviated as senses, is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data obtained with a tool without direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon being studied (Lillesand et al., 2015). So, it can be concluded that remote sensing is a science that is used to obtain information about an object, area, or phenomenon through analysis of data obtained with a tool without direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon being studied.
Remote sensing basically utilizes electromagnetic waves to obtain information from an object, material, and phenomenon without direct contact with the object (Lillesand et al., 2015). Each object has a response in absorbing, reflecting, or emitting certain electromagnetic wavelengths, so that each object can be distinguished based on its spectral response. When viewed in terms of spectral resolution, the greater number of bands or channels a satellite image has, the more object information can be identified. Likewise with the spatial resolution, the greater the spatial resolution of an image, the more detailed object information is received.
Geographic Information System is defined as an information system that is used to enter, store, process, analyze, and generate geographically referenced data or geospatial data, to support decision makers in planning and managing land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other public services (Shellito, 2018). Geographic Information System (GIS) is an organized system where GIS could manage, store, process, manipulate, analyze, and display data where the data used in GIS is data that is spatially related to the earth's surface. Gunn stated that the application of GIS has broad capabilities in mapping and analysis processes so that the technology is often used in landscape planning processes. One of the advantages of using GIS can increase time efficiency and accuracy (accuracy).
GIS is a very strong computer technology system, both in dealing with spatial and non-spatial database problems. This system reallocates geographic locations with descriptive information so that users can easily create maps and then analyze the information in various ways (Kumar et al., 2023).
Ministerial  (Dewi et al., 2018). Green open space is concluded as a form of land use in an area designated for greening parks. Apart from being an environmental facility, it also functions to protect certain habitats or agricultural cultivation and also to improve the quality of the atmosphere and support the preservation of water and soil as seen on Table 1

Methods
Data processing methods and techniques use Spatial analysis with exploratory methods. The remote sensing method is carried out with visual interpretation to obtain data about the distribution of green open spaces in the city of Banda Aceh, this has several advantages, including relatively fast data, reliable validity, and relatively affordable technology so it is very good for dynamic urban studies. which needs to be monitored or monitored and is part of a spatial-based geographic phenomenon and is expected to be able to examine problems related to the location of the distribution of green open spaces in the city of Banda Aceh.
The time of this research was approximately 6 months and the implementation was carried out in the administrative area of Banda Aceh City consisting of 9 sub-districts namely Baiturrahman District, Banda Raya District, Jaya Baru District, Kuta Alam District, Kuta Raja District, Lueng Bata District, Meuraxa District, Syiah Kuala, and Ulee Kareng District.

Data collection technique Documentation Techniques
The documentation technique in this study was used to obtain secondary data regarding the general condition of the research area in the form of: land use, map of the location of the research area, as well as other documentation data needed in this study. The data sources examined are in Table 2.

Data
Processing and Analysis Techniques At the data analysis stage, to obtain research results in the form of green open space distribution maps, the analysis used was Google Earth image analysis, using remote sensing applications and geographic information systems. In the data processing stage, literature is needed in determining the limits of the need for Green Open Space itself, a formula is needed to calculate the percentage of green open space, the following formula is used: (Jayanti,et al, 2015) To calculate the condition of adequacy of green open space: Adequacy GOS public: existing GOS public -Adequacy GOS Adequacy GOS private: eksisting GOS private -Adequacy GOS private Overley is the process of merging data from several different layers. Overley is simply referred to as a visual operation that requires more than one layer to be physically combined. overlay is considered very good for spatial studies, such as studying green open spaces in the city of Banda Aceh. Some of the data that is overlaid is vector data for the City of Banda Aceh format (shp), administrative maps of the City of Banda Aceh, maps of the RTRW for the City of Banda Aceh, Google Earth 2021 images. Imagery from Google Earth is used to see the existing condition of the city of Banda Aceh. The process of combining the data can be seen in Figure 1.

Results and Discussions Needs GOS Based on City Area
Based on the area stipulated by law, the City of Banda Aceh with an area of 61.36 km2 or 6,136 ha, must provide green open space with an area of 1,840.8 ha, consisting of public green open space with an area of 1,227.2 ha and private green open space with an area of 613.6 ha. Ha. The distribution of open space for the city of Banda Aceh for each sub-district can be seen in Table 3.

Conclusion
Based on the results of data analysis through remote sensing, the distribution of green open space in Banda Aceh City is currently still uneven. This is because there are still many abandoned plantation areas, ponds and vacant land. The condition of green open space that must be achieved by the city government is 1,840.89 ha or 30% of the total area of the city, while the currently distributed green open space is 2,461.57 ha or 41.11%, which has exceeded the provisions but the uneven distribution causes the government to work hard. in meeting the target of 30% green land according to the Constitution. The currently available public green open space is 878.24 ha or 14.31%, there is still a shortage of 325.46 ha or 5.30%. The available private green open space is 1,583.323 ha or 25.80%, so that the condition of private green open space has exceeded the established adequacy standard. From the results of the study, the authors provide the following suggestions. The Banda Aceh city government is expected to be able to increase the existence of green open space to create Banda Aceh City as a city center with healthy and clean environmental qualities. The government is also expected to carry out greening programs such as planting trees that involve the community so that they are aware of the importance of going green for the city. The government is expected to be able to embrace youth and the community in realizing equal distribution of green open space in the city of Banda Aceh. The government is expected to expand green open space on land and land in accordance with the stipulated land price standard. The community is expected to carry out activities that support increasing green open space in the form of reforestation such as suggesting that the yard of the house be planted with trees, making green lanes along the roadside, planting trees along river banks, planting trees in open/vacant land.