Pengaruh Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Limpasan Menggunakan Multidata Iklim Satelit di Sub DAS Samin
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Abstract
Sub DAS Samin sebagai bagian dari DAS Bengawan Solo, termasuk dalam 15 DAS kritis prioritas nasional. Banyak kajian hidrologi yang telah menunjukkan adanya perubahan respon hidrologi akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan. Salah satu pendekatan dalam menilai tingkat kekritisan dan respon hidrologi DAS adalah dengan mengkaji kondisi limpasan dengan pemodelan hidrologi SWAT. Namun di sisi lain, dari banyak kajian pemodelan hidrologi yang ada, masih terbatas pada penggunaan data iklim observasi; sedangkan pemanfaatan multidata iklim satelit dengan model hidrologi SWAT, telah menunjukkan potensi akurasi kajian hidrologi DAS yang baik. Tiga dasar tujuan penelitian di Sub DAS Samin antara tahun 2004 dan 2013 yaitu menganalisis persebaran dan perubahan penggunaan lahan, menganalisis akurasi hasil simulasi limpasan menggunakan data grid iklim satelit dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap limpasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pemodelan SWAT, identifikasi kondisi lapangan, serta analisis korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe penggunaan lahan di Sub DAS Samin antara tahun 2004 dan 2013, memiliki persebaran yang beragam dan bersifat heterogen, dengan hasil interpretasi menunjukkan tren perubahan vegetasi rapat berukuran besar ke vegetasi rendah berukuran sedang, yang dipicu oleh adanya pemanfaatan lahan intensif. Dari lima jenis dataset curah hujan satelit, data TRMM memiliki akurasi terbaik, karena kecocokan spesifikasi data dengan tipologi Sub DAS Samin sebagai kawasan DAS beriklim tropis. Tidak signifikannya pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap limpasan di Sub DAS Samin, secara teknis pemodelan disebabkan oleh adanya ketidakpastian hasil analisis model dan secara teoritis hidrologi disebabkan oleh perbedaan tata perlakuan/sistem manajemen pada masing-masing tipe penggunaan lahan dalam satuan lahan yang sama.
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