Permukiman Kumuh Ditinjau dari Kontinum Formal dan Informal (Studi Kasus: Permukiman Kumuh Lintas Negara)
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Abstract
Urbanisasi adalah fenomena sosio-ekonomi global yang telah menyebabkan perubahan penggunaan lahan, di mana memicu kepadatan perkotaan dari segi penduduk dan bangunan. Urbanisasi yang tidak terkendali juga dapat menciptakan permukiman formal dan informal, akibat pertumbuhan populasi penduduk perkotaan. Permukiman kumuh sering dianggap sebagai permukiman informal, di mana istilahnya digunakan secara bergantian. Di sisi lain, tidak semua permukiman informal masuk ke dalam kategori permukiman kumuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedah istilah permukiman kumuh ditinjau dari kontinum formal dan informal, dimana penggunaan istilah keduanya terdapat tumpang tindih yang signifikan. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kajian literatur dari hasil pencarian artikel ilmiah, buku maupun sumber lain yang relevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Studi kasus permukiman kumuh lintas negara, semakin memperjelas permukiman kumuh dapat menjadi rangkaian dari permukiman formal maupun permukiman informal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa ketidakstabilan politik pemerintah, kepadatan penduduk atau penghuni liar, kondisi rumah yang memburuk, infrastruktur yang tidak memadai, minimnya penyesuaian kebijakan dan pengelolaan, serta kepemilikan properti yang tidak jelas, dapat berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan permukiman kumuh pada permukiman formal. Sedangkan permukiman informal memiliki karakteristik yang mirip dengan permukiman kumuh. Penyelesaian masalah kekumuhan di permukiman informal membutuhkan strategi holistik yang menekankan peningkatan infrastruktur, penyediaan layanan penting, dan implementasi kebijakan perumahan yang efisien. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa permukiman kumuh dapat terbentuk pada rangkaian permukiman formal maupun informal.
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