Effect of Pressure Levels on Risk Levels of Deviant Behavior of Correctional Prisoners

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: The authors declare that they have no significant competing financial, professional or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript. Abstract: The results of recentt study abaout mental health disorders status showed that 36% experienced mental health disorders in the form of anxiety and women, the incidence rate was higher than men, 61%: 39%. The study was conducted 62 surveys in 12 countries covering 22,790 correctional prison residents found that every 6 months there was a prevalence of psychosis in men 3.7% and women 4% major depression in men 10% and women 12% and personality disorders in men 65% men and 42% women. From these data, many Penitentiary Citizens experience mental health disorders such as stress and sexual deviations. Deviations committed by Penitentiary Members include such as hallucinating / fantasizing, masturbating, and biological violation activities carried out by men and women in Correctional Institutions. This study uses the General Strain Theory theory by Robert Agnew using a quantitative approach. The data collected uses primary data in the form of distributing questionnaires to a predetermined sample of Penitentiary Guards. From the results of the study above the level of risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Guidance Citizens continues to increase along with the increasing level of pressure experienced by Correctional Guidance Citizens.


Introduction
Stressor is an event that demands / requests an action from an individual. Not everyone is able to adapt and cope with the stressor, so that complaints arise that is stress (Wijaya, 2015). An acute stress reaction is a temporary disorder that exists in individuals without any other mental disorder (Safitri, 2017).  (Wijaya, 2015) In the Kukuh thesis (Wijaya, 2015) containing research conducted by the University of South Wales shows that 36% experienced mental health disorders in the form of anxiety and women the incidence rate was higher than that of men which was 61%: 39%. The study was conducted 62 surveys in 12 countries covering 22,790 correctional prisoners found that every 6 months there was a prevalence of psychosis in men 3.7% and women 4% major depression in men 10% and women 12% and personality disorders in men 65% men and 42% women. Source : (Wijaya, 2015) According to Sweeney and Macfarlin explained "the term stres is easier to experience than it is to plain to define. We say this because we've all felt pressure, demains and strains that seems to go hand-in-hand without job. So, at a personal level we all what stres is" Based on this definition explains that stress is defined as pressure, tension and interference from a person's external environment (Edy Susanto, 2019). In the Kukuh thesis (Wijaya, 2015) research conducted by Anggraini in Jember Class IIA prison, in 76 people experiencing severe stress totaling 33 people (43.3%), 25 people (32.9%) experienced moderate stress, 10 people ( 13.2%) experienced mild stress, seven people (9.2%) experienced normal stress, and one person (1.3%) experienced stress. In the journal Eko Aprianto (E. A. Ariyanto, 2016) entitled Stress Levels in Adolescents in LPKA Blitar, the study produced the types of reactions due to stress experienced by adolescents in LPKA Blitar are as follows in table 3. Anxiety is also a great force in driving behavior, both deviant or disturbed behavior Behavior of fostered citizens who have different behaviors in general (Ratnawati & Astari, 2019). Behaviors that appear due to stress include irritability, irritability with other fostered residents, stressful fostered residents also have an impact on their difficult sleep. Stress is a situation or stimulus where the welfare state of the individual is threatened. The stress response takes the form of an interactive mechanism that starts from the arrival of the stressor to the emergence of the stress response. This often happens to humans in conditions that are unpleasant and pressing conditions. The incident that often occurs is that humans can not overcome these problems and stress occurs. According to Lumongga (Duri Kartika, 2015) stress can be divided into two types namely distress and eustress.
Deviant behavior is interpreted as a person's behavior, actions, or responses to the environment that are contrary to the norms and laws that exist in society (Reynolds & Harris, 2009). Social deviance is behavior that is not in accordance with the value of decency, both from the point of view of humanity (religion) as an individual and its justification. As part of social beings (Surya, 2003). Deviant behavior is deviation from the path of truth or something that cannot be accepted by society. Deviant behavior or social deviance is a form of behavior that is not in accordance with existing social norms (Rochaniningsih, 2014). Secondary deviations are deviant behavior that can not get tolerance from the community and is done repeatedly such as stealing, cheating, using narcotics, and others (Su'ud, 2011). Research conducted from the Center for Policy Research and Development at the Department of Law and Human Rights resulted in sexual deviant behavior found in the Class IIA Prison in Mataram (Febrian, 2019). Source : ( Febrian, 2019) The research from the Center for Policy Research and Development at the Department of Law and Human Rights resulted in sexual deviant behavior found in the Class IIA Prison in Mataram. This fact is the result of research aimed at 326 Penitentiary Guides, 108 respondents consisting of the Head of Prison, Head of fostering, Head of Kamtib, Kasi Binadik, KPLP and guardians of Penitentiary Prisoners, as well as 22 communities including Penitentiary Guidance Families. As a result, 81 percent or 264 Penitentiary Citizens said they felt uncomfortable when their biological needs were not met. As many as 78 percent or 244 correctional prisoners often hallucinate or fantasize, 171 correctional prisoners or 57 percent masturbate and 52 percent or 169 correctional prisoners engage in biological activities in violation of the provisions. From the data above shows that stress can cause things that make Penitentiary Citizens do deviant behavior even deviant behavior can cause someone to lose their lives. Therefore, it is very important to know what causes the Correctional Prisoners feel stressed so that coaching can be done for prevent correctional prisoners from feeling stressed. This needs to be done to reduce the level of risk of deviant behavior by Penitentiary Guides. Based on the above background, we are interested in conducting a study entitled "Effect of Pressure Levels on Risk Levels of Deviant Behavior of Prisoners"

Method
This research is a quantitative study, which is a process of finding knowledge using data in the form of numbers as a means of analyzing information about some information (Herdiana, 2013). Quantitative research usually uses structured formats such as mathematics and statistics. By choosing this approach the data obtained in the form of the level of pressure experienced by Correctional Prisoners and the risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Prisoners. The purpose of this research is to describe and develop knowledge in a person in prison inmates who perform deviant behavior related to the level of pressure experienced by prison inmates. The benefit of this research is to find out the level of pressure experienced by Correctional Prisoners and its influence on the risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Prisoners. This ISSN : Print 2598-3199 -Online 2598-3210 (Effect of Pressure Levels on Risk Levels of Deviant Behavior of Correctional Prisoners) 10 research is expected to be able to broaden the horizons of cadets and can be used as an evaluation of a coaching program in order to minimize deviant behavior by Penitentiary Guides. At the data collection stage the researchers conducted primary data collection. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 127 correctional prisoners selected as samples. The population is all data that is the center of attention of a researcher within the specified scope and time period. Population is a group of objects that have the same characteristics and are in the same place. This study uses all Penitentiary Citizens in country jail as the study population.

Results and Discussion
This study uses the General Strain Theory by Robert Agnew using a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is 127 correctional prisoners selected randomly. In this study using the following hypotheses: Ho: The pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens does not affect the risk of deviant behavior.
Ha: Pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens influences the risk of deviant behavior.
The analys show that the asump Value Sig. (2-tailes) in the table above shows the value 0,000. With a significance level α = 0.05, it is obtained the decision to accept H1 because 0.05> 0,000. In other words, with a significance level of 5%, there is sufficient evidence to state that the pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens influences the risk of deviant behavior. The data as show in tabel 5. The variable level of risk of deviant behavior of the majority correctional Prisoners comes from the variable pressure level experienced by the Correctional Prisoners high at 71%, while the low is at 31.4%. For the variable risk level of deviant behavior, the majority of correctional inmates are from the low pressure level experienced by correctional residents, which is 68.6%, while the high is 28.1%.
So that it can be concluded that the higher the pressure experienced by the Prisoners in Correctional Institution will lead to the tendency of risk behaviors to deviate Correctional Prisoners also increase. From the hypothesis below, the correlations test is as follows: Ho: There is no relationship or correlation between the pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens to the risk level of deviant behavior of Penitentiary Prisoners Ha: There is a relationship or correlation between the pressure experienced by Correctional Community Prisoners towards the risk of deviant behavior level of Correctional Prisoners.

Source : Primary Data SPSS
As the tabel 6, from the Sig (2-tailed) = 0,000 <0.005, it is found that Ho's decision is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore, it is concluded that with a significance level of 5%, there is sufficient evidence that there is a relationship or correlation between the pressure experienced by Correctional Prisoners towards the level of risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Prisoners. The correlation strength of both the independent and dependent variables is 54%, this shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is "sufficient". A positive correlation value indicates that the relationship between the two variables is unidirectional, as the level of pressure experienced by Correctional Prisoners increases, the level of behavioral risk deviate also deviate and vice versa. Interpretation: When the level of pressure experienced by Correctional Community Prisoners is constant, the level of risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Prisoners is 71.32. When the level of pressure experienced by prisoners in prison increases by one unit, the level of risk of misbehavior in prison inmates will increase by 0.533. From the results of the study above the level of risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Guidance Citizens continues to increase along with the increasing level of pressure experienced by Correctional Y = a + bx Y = 71,320 + 0.533 (X) Guidance Citizens. So it can be concluded the relationship of the two variables is unidirectional. When the level of pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens increases, the level of risk behavior of deviant Penitentiary Prisoners also increases, and vice versa.
In this study using the General Strain Theory by Robert Agnew provides an explanation of crime and delinquency (Agnew & Brezina, 2019). This theory focuses on three main types of tension. First, tension occurs when someone is unable to achieve the goals they want in a way that is in accordance with existing norms. Second, tension occurs when people lose something that is considered valuable to them, such as property or relationships between individuals. Third, tension occurs when someone is given a negative impulse such as verbal insults and physical attacks that cause a person to feel angry, frustrated, depressed, etc. Negative feelings that arise due to tension creates pressure that will encourage someone to commit delinquency or crime.
A Penitentiary Guided Society experiences many changes in his life when he has to live in a study. According to Gresham M. Sykes, the changes include Loss of Dignity, Loss of autonomy, Loss of liberty, Loss of security, Loss of goods and services, Loss of heterosexual realtionship, Loss of the coming future, Loss of profit & Loss of the functioning member (Parkes, 2011). All forms of loss cause pressure on the Prison Assistance Citizens. This is in line with the General Strain Theory which states that the strain develops from the inability of someone to achieve a goal that is considered positive in society and in people. Robert Agnew stated with General Strain Theory the pressure that occurs on someone will cause frustration that can lead to delinquency or crime. Frustration is a form of negative emotions that should be resolved immediately. If this condition cannot be resolved properly, it will continue to be deviant behavior that is not in accordance with existing norms and other emotional problems. In the condition of correctional prisoners the deviant behavior is reflected by the behavior of prison correctional residents who are not in accordance with the existing regulations in correctional institutions or also called deviant behavior of prison inmates.
The above theory is in line with the results obtained in this study. From the correlation analysis conducted for pressure level variables experienced by correctional prisoners to the risk level of deviant behavior of correctional prisoners, the correlation results were 54%. This means that the independent variable and the dependent variable have sufficient correlation.
In addition, the relationship between variables was also analyzed using a regression analysis that obtained an R-squared value of 29%, so it can be concluded that the pressure level variable experienced by prison inmates can explain the variable level of risk of deviant behavior of prisoners. The regression equation obtained also shows that the two independent and dependent variables have a direct relationship. So the conclusion of this study is the level of pressure experienced by someone will pose a risk of deviant behavior from that person.
This results study is one of inportan information about how deviant behavioral construct by som environmantal and psychological factors. The deviant are one form of destructive behavior. This behavior is inpact by inmoral and emosion disorder. Enhancing resiliensi is one effort to preventing the deviant behavior. The society counselor could be inprove the resilient by use some counseling methode, such as cognitive behavioral (CBT), Rational emotife behavioral (REBT) and so son (Suranata, Atmoko, & Hidayah, 2017).

Conclusion
The results of the study show the level of risk of deviant behavior of Correctional Guidance Citizens continues to increase along with the increasing level of pressure experienced by Correctional Guidance Citizens. So it can be concluded the relationship of the two variables is unidirectional. When the level of pressure experienced by Penitentiary Citizens increases, the level of risk behavior of deviant Penitentiary Prisoners also increases, and vice versa. This study uses a theory from Robert Agnew namely General Strain Theory which focuses on three main types of strains. First, tension occurs when people cannot reach their goals in the right way. Second, tension occurs when people lose something of value to them. Third, tension occurs when people are encouraged to do negative things. The three tensions above encourage a person to commit various forms of social deviation such as delinquency which is considered to be a method to reduce the tension that arises. If related to the title of the research, this pressure will likely be experienced financial, professional or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.