DESAIN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SAINS SISWA SMP

Abstract

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain model pembelajaran sains (fisika) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan pendekatan research and development. Proses pengembangan model dilaksanakan melalui studi pendahuluan dan ujicoba terbatas pada siswa kelas VII SMP 3 Singaraja. Hasil ujicoba diperoleh simpulan, Pertama, desain model pembelajaran sains SMP dirancang dalam model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah do talk record (DTR). Model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah DTR dapat diterapkan pada mata pelajaran sains (Fisika) di SMP kelas VII dengan karakteristik materi dikemas dalam masalah kontekstual. Metode pembelajaran dengan menempatkan siswa sebagai pemecah masalah serta guru sebagai fasilitator belajar. Implementasi model meliputi: (1) Pendahuluan, yaitu penjelasan singkat tentang tujuan dan proses pembelajaran, pengembangan suasana partisipatif, orientasi masalah kontekstual, dan pengorganisasian siswa; (2) Inti, yaitu kegiatan do, talk, record. Kegiatan do meliputi identifikasi dan pendefinisian konsep yg terkait dengan masalah, hubungan antar konsep, rencana solusi, dan solusi. Kegiatan talk meliputi diskusi kolaboratif dari hasil kegiatan do. Kegiatan Record meliputi memeriksa dan mendokumentasikan langkah-langkah dan hasil pemecahan masalah dalam bentuk catatan; serta (3) Penutup, yaitu kegiatan analisis dan evaluasi proses pemecahan masalah dalam bentuk refleksi serta rekonstruksi pemikiran dan aktivitas proses pembelajaran. Kedua, implementasi model pembelajaran yang didesain dengan pemecahan masalah do talk record dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas proses dan kualitas kemampuan pemecahan masalah sains siswa SMP kelas VII. Dampak penggunaan model tersebut antara lain: (a) Meningkatnya aktifitas siswa dalam pembelajaran, (b) peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah, penguasaan konsep, dan (c) menumbuhkan sikap positif siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran.

Kata-kata kunci: Desain Model Pembelajaran do talk rcord, Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah,

Abstract: The study was aimed to design of learning science (physics) model to improve the ability of junior high school students' problem solving. The study was development that uses research and development approach. The process of the development of model conducted through the preliminary study and the trial was limited to students of class VII SMP 3 Singaraja. The conclusions of the test results was obtained, The first, the design of the learning model was designed in the junior high school science teaching problem-solving models do talk record (DTR). The DTR problem solving learning model can be applied to the science subjects (Physics) in class VII SMP to the characteristics of the subject matter packed in contextual problems. The method of learning by placing the students as problem solvers as well as teachers voted facilitators of learning. The implementation of the model covering: (1) Introduction, which is a brief explanation about the purpose and process of learning, the development of participatory ambience, the orientation of the contextual issues, and the organization of students; (2) The core, which is activities of do, talk, record. The do activities include the identification and definition of concepts related to the problem, the relationships between concepts, plan solutions, and solutions. The talk activities covering of collaborative discussion as the results of do activities. The Record activities was covering checking and documenting the steps and the notes of problem solving results; and (3) concluding, which is analysis and evaluation activities of the problem solving process in the form of reflection and reconstruction of thinking and learning activities. The secondly, the implementation of the learning model is designed by problems solving do talk records can be used to improve the quality of the process and the quality of science problem solving ability students of class VII SMP. The impact of the models use, among others, (a) the student Increased of learning activity, (b) the increase in problem solving skills, mastery of concepts, and (c) foster the positive attitude toward students learning process.

Keywords: Learning design models of do talk records, The problem solving upgrades