DIABETES INSIPIDUS PADA PASIEN DENGAN CEDERA KEPALA SEDANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/gm.v4i1.75553Keywords:
Cedera Kepala Sedang, Diabetes InsipidusAbstract
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) adalah suatu sindrom yang ditandai dengan ekskresi urin dalam jumlah besar yang tidak normal (poliuria) disertai peningkatan asupan cairan sebagai kompensasinya (polidipsia). Hal ini disebabkan oleh penurunan sekresi (DI sentral/neurogenik) atau kerja (DI nefrogenik) dari Hormon Antidiuretik. Hormon ini diproduksi oleh neuron hipotalamus di nukleus supraoptik dan paraventrikular dan disekresikan ke sirkulasi bila ada rangsangan. Cedera kepala merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas terbanyak pada generasi muda terutama laki-laki. Salah satu dampaknya adalah disfungsi hormonal pada hipofisis anterior dan posterior. Angka kejadian DI setelah cedera kepala berkisar 1-2,9%. Dalam kasus tertentu, keadaan ini hanya terjadi sementara namun dapat juga menjadi permanen. Dalam laporan kasus ini, dilaporkan laki-laki berusia 28 tahun dengan DI setelah mengalami cedera kepala. Pasien menjalani kraniektomi dekompresi dengan osteoplasti. Selama perawatan, pasien didiagnosa dengan Diabetes Insipidus dari gejalanya, osmolalitas urin yang rendah, osmolalitas plasma yang tinggi, dan hipernatremia, kemudian ditangani dengan rehidrasi dan pemberian injeksi vasopresin 5 IU secara intramuskular serta pemantauan ketat terhadap keseimbangan cairan setiap hari. Selama beberapa hari berikutnya, setelah keseimbangan cairan normal, vasopresin dihentikan dan keseimbangan cairan masih dalam batas normal.
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