NEURALGIA TRIGEMINAL: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/gm.v2i2.52095Kata Kunci:
Trigeminal neuralgia, Diagnosis, TreatmentAbstrak
Neuralgia trigeminal merupakan sindrom nyeri wajah yang terjadi berulang dan bersifat kronik dengan karakteristik sangat parah, cepat, dan seperti tersetrum listrik. Penyebab Neuralgia trigeminal sebagian besar adalah kompresi oleh arteri atau vena yang berdekatan yang melibatkan sebagian besar dari kasus yakni Arteri Serebelar Superior. Prevalensi Neuralgia trigeminal sekitar 0,16% - 0,3% dengan isidensi meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Neuralgia trigeminal diklasifikasikan menjadi klasik, sekunder, dan idiopatik. Manifestasi klinis nyeri dideskripsikan seperti ditusuk-tusuk, atau seperti terbakar. Neuralgia trigeminal dapat ditegakkan dengan diagnosa klinis. MRI dan/atau CT-Scan dapat dilakukan untuk melihat adanya Neuralgia trigeminal klasik atau sekunder. Karbamazepin merupakan obat lini pertama dalam terapi farmakologi Neuralgia trigeminal. Rehabilitasi TENS bermanfaat dalam pengurangan dosis karbamazepin sehingga kemungkinan timbul efek sampingnya berkurang namun tidak mengubah skala nyeri pasien. Terapi pembedahan yang paling efektif bagi pasien Neuralgia trigeminal akibat kompresi adalah microvascular decompression. Terapi yang adekuat untuk pasien Neuralgia trigeminal dapat mengurangi resiko timbulnya komplikasi.
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