Resistansi Pekerja Lepas (Freelance) Desain Grafis di Indonesia terhadap Eksploitasi via Proses Gamifikasi Digital Platform
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Abstract
Riset ini berfokus pada analisis politik produksi, menelaah praktik penundukan dan pengontrolan pekerja lepas (freelance) pada despotisme rezim produksi sektor desain grafis di Indonesia. Sebagai implikasi dari lahirnya bentuk-bentuk hubungan kerja pada sistem ekonomi gig, narasi fleksibilitas dan otonomi kerja marak ditawarkan oleh penyedia kerja kepada para pekerja lepas desain grafis melalui platform digital sesuai permintaan (on-demand task). Melalui proses kerja yang dibuat seolah bermain-main (gamifikasi), pekerja lepas desain grafis cenderung jarang menyadari adanya ketimpangan kuasa dan lemahnya posisi tawar melalui sistem platform digital. Sebaliknya, adanya manajemen algoritmik platform membuat pengusaha memiliki otoritas sentral untuk menentukan alokasi proyek, pembagian keuntungan, serta aturan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori gamifikasi digital yang menjelaskan bahwa situasi kerja secara sengaja dirancang seperti permainan untuk memperdaya motivasi intrinsik pekerja agar lebih produktif dalam menghasilkan surplus. Data yang dihimpun melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam dengan pelaku pekerja lepas desain grafis serta serikat pekerja menunjukkan bahwa gamifikasi digital berhasil menjadi alat bagi platform untuk membentuk persetujuan (consent) dari pekerja lepas desain grafis. Dalam merespons hal tersebut, pekerja lepas desain grafis mengembangkan bentuk-bentuk mikro-resistansi dengan tujuan untuk mencari celah dari kontrol algoritmik platform. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti keengganan pekerja dalam memanfaatkan komunitas sebagai wadah untuk memperjuangkan hak dan kondisi layak kerja bagi pekerja lepas desain grafis di Indonesia.
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