Urbanisasi dan Dampak Sosial di Kota Besar: Sebuah Tinjauan
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Abstrak
Urbanisasi merupakan suatu refleksi adanya perbedaan pertumbuhan dan ketidakmerataan fasilitas pembangunan antara suatu daerah dengan daerah yang lainnya. Dalam hal ini antara wilayah pedesaan dengan wilayah perkotaan yang mendorong pergerakan penduduk. Hasil analisa pada tulisan menunjukan bahwa masalah sosial yang ditimbulkan urbanisasi sangat komplek. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di kota, pengangguran, peningkatan tuna wisma dan tumbuhnya permukiman kumuh, peningkatan kemacetan dan kecelakaan lalu lintas, peningkatan kriminalitas, overpopulation, dan pembengkakan kota (urban sprawl) merupakan dampak sosial urbanisasi di kota besar. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengendalikan urbanisasi yaitu meningkatkan pembangunan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang menyentuh langsung kebutuhan masyarakat desa, pemerataan dan penyebaran pembangunan sampai pelosok desa, membangun sarana transportasi antar daerah, desentralisasi industri ke desa, dan modernisasi pedesaan.
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