Telaah Konsep-Substansi Georg Simmel: “Pertukaran” dan “Sang Asing”
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Abstrak
Artikel ini mendiskusikan dua konsep kunci yang diperkenalkan oleh seorang sosiolog Jerman bernama Georg Simmel dalam karyanya yang berjudul On Individuality and Social Form (1971). Kedua konsep penting tersebut adalah “pertukaran” dan “sang asing”. Berbeda dengan studi-studi terdahulu yang seringkali berfokus pada pemikiran sosiolog klasik yang populer, misalnya Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, atau Max Weber, artikel ini mengambil pendekatan yang lain. Artikel ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui studi literatur yang komprehensif dengan cara membaca, menganalisis, dan mengkritik baik itu tulisan asli Simmel maupun interpretasi dari studi terkait yang telah ada sebelumnya. Artikel ini mengambil studi kasus tentang perantau yang datang ke kota untuk mencari penghidupan yang lebih baik. Studi ini menemukan bahwa konsep Simmel mengenai individualitas memegang peranan yang penting dalam menghubungkan gagasan mengenai pertukaran dan sang asing. Simmel menekankan pentingnya kekuatan pikiran individu dan dinamika kehidupannya yang personal. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada diskursus mengenai pendefinisian ulang makna eksistensi individu di dalam masyarakat. Di tengah beragam pengaruh sosial yang diberikan oleh masyarakat luas, pada kenyataannya individu memiliki kebebasan untuk memaknai dan membentuk setiap pengalaman unik yang dirasakannya. Persis di sinilah pengalaman para perantau di kota menemukan afirmasinya.
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