Mengurai Kompleksitas Masyarakat di Masa Pandemi: Labirin Menuju Pendekatan Sistemik Perspektif Sistem Sosial Luhmann
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v11i2.44440Keywords:
Sistem Sosial, Pandemi, Kebijakan, Kompleksitas MasyarakatAbstract
Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasi problem kompleksitas sosial pada berbagai institusi di Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi dengan menggunakan teori Sistem Sosial Luhmann. Selama kurun waktu 2 (dua) tahun (2020-2022) institusi sosial-ekonomi dan kesehatan mengalami kegoncangan sistem dan bahkan pada titik tertentu berada pada taraf chaos. Kebijakan yang kurang sinkron antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah juga telah menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Pada sisi lain, muncul ketidakpatuhan pada sebagaian besar masyarakat terhadap anjuran physical distancing, sehingga memunculkan kompleksitas tersendiri. Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi virtual, studi literatur tentang teori Sistem Sosial Luhmann, dan penelusuran penelitian terdahulu tentang pandemi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diferensiasi fungsional pada masing-masing sistem telah menghasilkan perbedaan makna pandemi pada masing-masing institusi. Perbedaan makna ini memunculkan umpan-balik berupa variasi kebijakan pada masing-masing institusi, khususnya ekonomi dan kesehatan. Hal tersebut nampak di permukaan sebagai wujud dari ketidaksinkronan kebijakan antar institusi. Melalui pendekatan Sistem Sosial Luhmann, problem kompleksitas memungkinkan untuk dapat diurai dari akarnya, sehingga hasilnya dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu rekomendasi intervensi kebijakan bagi setiap sistem ketika ke depan menghadapi situasi yang sama seperti pandemi.
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