Keberadaan Etnik Cina Di Banjar Geria, Desa Melinggih, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali (Latar Belakang Sejarah, Identitas Etnik Dan Strategi Desa Pakraman Dalam Mengembangkan Masyarakat Multikultur)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui latar belakang sejarah keberadaan etnik Cina di Banjar Geria, Melinggih, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali, (2) Mengetahui identitas etnik Cina di Banjar Geria, Melinggih, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali, dan (3) mengetahui bagaimana cara-cara yang dikembangkan oleh Banjar Geria, Desa Melinggih untuk mengembangkan masyarakat yang multikultur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu: (1) penentuan lokasi penelitian; (2) teknik penentuan informan; (3) teknik pengumpulan data (observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan studi pustaka); (4) teknik penjaminan keabsahan data; dan (5) teknik analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedatangan etnik Cina di Banjar Geria diawali dengan terdamparnya para pedagang Cina di daerah Singaraja, yang kemudian melakukan perdagangan ke daerah Kintamani hingga mengembangkan perdagangannya ke daerah Payangan. Selama berada di Payangan, etnik Cina melakukan pendekatan kepada keluarga kerajaan hingga mengabdi menjadi prajurit kerajaan. Berkat jasa-jasa etnik Cina yang besar kepada kerajaan Payangan, maka diberikanlah sepetak tanah untuk ditinggali yang saat ini terletak di Banjar Geria, Desa Melinggih, Payangan. Identitas etnik Cina di Banjar Geria, Desa Melinggih, Payangan dapat dilihat dari; (1) Kepercayaan atau agama yang dianut adalah Hindu-Budha; (2) Seni bangunan dipengaruhi gaya Tiongkok dengan ornamen naga (Lung), singa dan warna bangunan yang didominasi dengan warna merah, kuning dan emas; (3) nama menggunakan marga keluarga; dan (4) kesenian yang masih menampilkan budaya tiongkok, yaitu kesenian Barong Sai. Cara yang dikembangkan oleh Banjar Geria, Desa Melinggih untuk mengembangkan masyarakat yang multikultur, yaitu (1) Merangkul kedua etnik dalam satu wadah desa pakraman serta ; (2) Meningkatkan solidaritas kedua etnik.
Kata Kunci : Etnik Cina, Sejarah, Identitas, Masyarakat Multikultur

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the background of the history of ethnic Chinese in Banjar Geria, Melinggih, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali, (2) Knowing the identity of the ethnic Chinese in Banjar Geria, Melinggih, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali, and (3) knowing the ways developed by Geria Banjar, village Melinggih to develop a multicultural society. This study used a qualitative approach, namely: (1) determining the location of the research, (2) determination techniques informant, (3) data collection techniques (observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies), (4) techniques guarantee the validity of the data, and (5) data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the arrival of ethnic Chinese in Banjar Geria, Melinggih village, starting with Balinese Payangan come Chinese traders in the area of Singaraja, which then trade to Kintamani area to develop its trade to the area Payangan. During his stay in Payangan, ethnic Chinese to approach the royal family to serve as a soldier of the kingdom. Thanks to the services of Chinese people who want to serve the kingdom of Payangan, the giv piece of land to live now named Banjar Geria, Melinggih Village, Payangan. Chinese ethnic identity in Banjar Geria, Melinggih Village, Payangan among others: (1) the religious affiliation or belief is a Hindu-Buddhist; (2) Art-influenced buildings Chinese style ornaments is evidenced by the dragon (Lung) and a lion accompanied by color building is dominated by the color red, yellow and gold, (3) while the other identity is the name that the family use the surname, and (4) the identity of the other is still art featuring Chinese culture, the Barong Sai art displayed each Lunar New Year. Method developed by Geria Banjar, village Melinggih to develop a multicultural society, namely (1) Embracing both ethnic Pakraman in a container with the same status by running the same rights and obligations as well as, (2) Increase both ethnic solidarity.
keyword : Ethnic Chinese, History, Identity, Multicultural Society