Analisa Kegagalan pada Patahnya Sambungan Las dalam Sistem Instrumentasi Katup Pengaman Tekanan Kerja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i3.51347Keywords:
Analisa kerusakan, sambungan las, retak fatiq, vibrasiAbstract
Analisa kerusakan dilakukan dengan menerapkan serangkaian inspeksi dan pengujian terhadap sambungan las dari tube yang digunakan dalam instalasi peralatan industri minyak dan gas bumi. Kerusakan berupa patahan ditemukan pada tube yang merupakan bagian dari sistem instrumentasi katup pengaman tekanan kerja. Observasi dengan mikroskop pada perbesaran rendah memperlihatkan retakan berawal dari sisi dinding luar tube dengan morfologi patahan merupakan pola penjalaran retak fatigue. Pengujian komposisi kimia menunjukan bahwa material tube merupakan baja tahan karat tipe 316L. Analisa menggunakan scanning electron microscope pada permukaan patahan membuktikan bahwa mekanisme patahan merupakan patah getas yang merambat pada batas butir. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, retak yang terjadi pada sambungan tube terjadi akibat beban dinamis yang timbul pada saat operasional. Penyebab utama timbulnya beban dinamis adalah fenomena getaran yang timbul dari mekanisme membuka dan menutupnya katup pengaman tekanan kerja. Fenomena getaran yang terjadi pada material tube menimbulkan retak fatiq pada daerah sambungan las yang terus merambat kemudian menyisakan luas penampang yang tidak lagi mampu menahan pembebanan sehingga menyebabkan tube patah. Beberapa rekomendasi diberikan sebagai metode pencegahan agar tidak terjadi kejadian berulang terutama pada sambungan las dari tube yang memiliki diameter kecil.
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