Educational Game for Learning Computational Thinking in a Low Budget Virtual Reality Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/janapati.v12i1.52743Keywords:
virtual reality, game vr, permainan edukatif, computational thinking, technology acceptance modelAbstract
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that can create a simulation of real objects in a virtual environment more interactively. In terms of budget, VR devices can be categorized into low budget and high end. However, both of them can still carry out the same interactive simulations, such as educational games. This research aims to develop an educational game based in low-budget VR environment for learning computational thinking (CT), one of the 21st century skills that students need to learn. The method used is Design and Development Research (DDR) that consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, testing, and evaluation. Participants involved in this study are 30 students of vocational school (SMK) majoring Computer and Network Engineering. Evaluation conducted through Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework that consists of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), attitude toward using (ATU), and intention to use (ITU). Based on the data obtained and the analysis performed, the Cronbach’s alpha score of PU and PEU were 0.714 and 0.614, respectively. Meanwhile, the Cronbach’s alpha score of ATU and ITU were 0.754 and 0.882, respectively. PU and PEU are positively correlated with ATU, while ATU is also positively correlated with ITU. It means that the ease of use of the application and the usability aspects of the developed application have a positive effect on user attitudes. This positive behavior is also positively correlated with the intention to use it again on another occasion. Thus it can be concluded that this educational game based in low-budget VR environment can be used for learning CT. It can be seen from the analysis and some positive comments from students, like participants wish they can use this learning approach in the other subject.
References
V. V. Kumar, D. Carberry, C. Beenfeldt, M. P. Andersson, S. S. Mansouri, and F. Gallucci, “Virtual reality in chemical and biochemical engineering education and training,” Educ. Chem. Eng., vol. 36, pp. 143–153, 2021.
W. Arayaphan, K. Intawong, and K. Puritat, “Digitalization of ancient fabric using virtual reality technology at the Wieng Yong House Museum: The FabricVR project,” Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit., vol. 26, p. e00233, 2022.
M. Seifan, N. Robertson, and A. Berenjian, “Use of virtual learning to increase key laboratory skills and essential non-cognitive characteristics,” Educ. Chem. Eng., vol. 33, pp. 66–75, 2020.
Z. Yin and S.-B. Tsai, “Research on Virtual Reality Interactive Teaching under the Environment of Big Data,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2021, p. 7980383, 2021.
Z. Zulherman, G. B. Aji, and S. Supriansyah, “Android Based Animation Video Using Millealab Virtual Reality Application for Elementary School,” JPI (Jurnal Pendidik. Indones., vol. 10, no. 4, 2021.
M. J. Kim, C.-K. Lee, and T. Jung, “Exploring Consumer Behavior in Virtual Reality Tourism Using an Extended Stimulus-Organism-Response Model,” J. Travel Res., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 69–89, Dec. 2018.
C. Hayat and D. Panggeso, “Virtual Reality Visualization of Tongkonan Traditional House as Promotional Media for Cultural Tourism using ADDIE Model,” Khazanah Inform. J. Ilmu Komput. dan Inform., vol. 6, no. 2, 2020.
S. Z. A. Ansari, V. K. Shukla, K. Saxena, and B. Filomeno, “Implementing Virtual Reality in Entertainment Industry BT - Cyber Intelligence and Information Retrieval,” 2022, pp. 561–570.
S. Rogers, “Virtual Reality: The Learning Aid Of The 21st Century,” Forbes, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/solrogers/2019/03/15/virtual-reality-the-learning-aid-of-the-21st-century/#2423860a139b. [Accessed: 23-Jan-2020].
D. Checa and A. Bustillo, “A review of immersive virtual reality serious games to enhance learning and training,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 5501–5527, 2020.
J. Radianti, T. A. Majchrzak, J. Fromm, and I. Wohlgenannt, “A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda,” Comput. Educ., vol. 147, p. 103778, 2020.
D. R. Dixon, C. J. Miyake, K. Nohelty, M. N. Novack, and D. Granpeesheh, “Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Safety Training Used to Teach Pedestrian Skills to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder,” Behav. Anal. Pract., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 631–640, 2020.
S. SUKIRMAN, L. F. M. IBHARIM, C. S. SAID, and B. MURTIYASA, “A Strategy of Learning Computational Thinking through Game Based in Virtual Reality: Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework,” Informatics Educ., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 179–200, Jun. 2022.
T. Turchi, D. Fogli, and A. Malizia, “Fostering computational thinking through collaborative game-based learning,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 13649–13673, May 2019.
N. Carlborg, M. Tyrén, C. Heath, and E. Eriksson, “The scope of autonomy when teaching computational thinking in primary school,” Int. J. Child-Computer Interact., vol. 21, pp. 130–139, 2019.
M. Cutumisu and Q. Guo, “Using Topic Modeling to Extract Pre-Service Teachers? Understandings of Computational Thinking From Their Coding Reflections,” IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 325–332, Nov. 2019.
J. Nouri, L. Zhang, L. Mannila, and E. Norén, “Development of computational thinking, digital competence and 21st century skills when learning programming in K-9,” Educ. Inq., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–17, Jan. 2020.
J. Cuny, L. Snyder, and J. M. Wing, “Demystifying computational thinking for non-computer scientists,” Unpubl. Manuscr. progress, Ref. http//www. cs. C. edu/~ CompThink/resources/TheLinkWing. pdf, 2010.
W. Zhao and V. J. Shute, “Can playing a video game foster computational thinking skills?,” Comput. Educ., vol. 141, p. 103633, 2019.
L. Zhang and J. Nouri, “A systematic review of learning computational thinking through Scratch in K-9,” Comput. Educ., vol. 141, p. 103607, 2019.
C. Selby and J. Woollard, “Computational thinking: the developing definition,” University of Southampton (E-prints), 2013.
J. Valenzuela, “How to develop computational thinkers,” ISTE, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iste.org/explore/Computational-Thinking/How-to-develop-computational-thinkers. [Accessed: 03-Feb-2020].
BBC Bitesize, “Introduction to computational thinking,” BBC, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zp92mp3/revision/1. [Accessed: 27-Jan-2020].
R. C. Richey and J. D. Klein, “Design and Development Research BT - Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology,” J. M. Spector, M. D. Merrill, J. Elen, and M. J. Bishop, Eds. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014, pp. 141–150.
A. Lindgreen, C. A. Di Benedetto, R. J. Brodie, and E. Jaakkola, “How to develop great conceptual frameworks for business-to-business marketing,” Ind. Mark. Manag., 2020.
F. D. Davis, “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Q., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–340, 1989.
F. Weng, R.-J. Yang, H.-J. Ho, and H.-M. Su, “A TAM-based study of the attitude towards use intention of multimedia among school teachers,” Appl. Syst. Innov., vol. 1, no. 3, p. 36, 2018.
R. Estriegana, J.-A. Medina-Merodio, and R. Barchino, “Student acceptance of virtual laboratory and practical work: An extension of the technology acceptance model,” Comput. Educ., vol. 135, pp. 1–14, 2019.
A. Giannakoulas and S. Xinogalos, “A pilot study on the effectiveness and acceptance of an educational game for teaching programming concepts to primary school students,” Educ. Inf. Technol., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2029–2052, 2018.
Sukirman and N. Fitriningtyas, “Evaluate the Development of Interactive Learning Media through Technology Acceptance Model,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology, 2020, pp. 153–157.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sukirman Sukirman, Dias Aziz Pramudita, Abdylla Adhiyasa Nugroho, Muhammad Rizky Aminudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Janapati agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)
