Intolerance Uncertainty as a Moderator between Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being in Unemployment

Authors

  • Abdul Aziz Muslim Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang
  • Vivia Maya Rafica Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i3.31730

Keywords:

Intolerance of uncertainty, Religiosity, Psychological well-being

Abstract

A positive attitude in an individual can be formed if he has good psychological well-being. A good form of psychological well-being can organize oneself according to predetermined goals. The unemployed have very low psychological well-being so that many psychological problems. Many studies have linked religiosity with psychological well-being, with the result that there is a positive correlation between religiosity and psychological well-being. This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity and psychological well-being defined by intolerance of uncertainty. This research subjects were 220 persons unemployed; they were 74 men and 146 women. The data of this research was collected by using some instruments, such as Orientation Scale-Revised (ROS-R), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and Psychology Well Being Scale (PWBS). The data analysis of this research used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The result of this research indicated that there was correlation between religiosity and psychological well-being (β = 0,707, p = 0,000), despite the correlation is getting weak when it is mediated by intolerance of uncertainty (β = -0,045, p = 0,046). This study proves that religiosity can directly affect the psychological well-being of individuals. This is evidenced by high religiosity, which has a positive and significant correlation to high psychological well-being. However, moderated by high yield uncertainty intolerance can weaken the relationship between religiosity on the psychological well-being of individuals.

References

Argyle, M. (2001). The Psychology of happiness (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Barahman, U., & Haji, A. (2014). The Impact of intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and irritability on life quality in a person with epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 108, 1335–1344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.07.002.

Birrell, J., Meares, K., Wilkinson, A., & Freeston, M. (2011). Toward a definition of intolerance of uncertainty: A review of factor analytical studies of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.009.

Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4.

Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Thibodeau, M. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. (2012). Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.011.

Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014.

Carluci, L., Tommasi, M., Balsamo, M., Furnham, A., & Saggino, A. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and psychological well-being: an Italian study. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711504300103.

Chen, C. Y., & Hong, R. Y. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relation between adverse life events and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.006.

Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688.

Dunbar, R. I. (2021). Religiosity and religious attendance as factors in wellbeing and social engagement. Religion, Brain & Behavior, 11(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2020.1712618.

Fergus, T. A. (2013). Cyberchondria and intolerance of uncertainty: Examining when individuals experience health anxiety in response to internet searches for medical information. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 735–739. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0671.

Grenier, S., Barrette, A. M., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and intolerance of ambiguity: Similarities and differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.014.

Hadjam, M. N. R., & Nasiruddin, A. (2003). Peranan kesulitan ekonomi, kepuasan kerja dan religiusitas terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis. Jurnal Psikologi, 30(2), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.7026.

Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., Krupa, T., & Krupa, E. (2016). Well-Being’s Relation to Religiosity and Spirituality in Children and Adolescents in Zambia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(3), 1235–1253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9640-x.

Hurlock, E. B. (2011). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Erlangga.

Ivtzan, I., Chan, C. P., Gardner, H. E., & Prashar, K. (2009). Linking religion and spirituality with psychological well-being: Examining self-actualization, meaning in life, and personal growth initiative. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 915–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9540-2.

Konstam, V., Celen-Demirtas, S., Tomek, S., & Sweeney, K. (2015). Career adaptability and subjective well-being in unemployed emerging adults: A promising and cautionary tale. Journal of Career Development, 42(6), 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845315575151.

Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00133-3.

Liana, L. (2009). Penggunaan MRA dengan spss untuk menguji pengaruh variable moderating terhadap hubungan antara variabel independen dan variable dependen. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dinamik, 14(2), 90–97. https://www.academia.edu/download/35843322/moderating.pdf.

Mantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., Linnell, M., & Morris, P. (2014). The role of gloomy cognition, intolerance of uncertainty, mindfulness, and self-compassion in weight regulation among male army recruits. Department of Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0286-2.

Rosen, N. O., Ivanova, E., & Knäuper, B. (2014). Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct constructs. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 27(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2013.815743.

Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2010). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719.

Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Brigidi, B. D., & Foa, E. B. (2003). Intolerance of uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17(2), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00182-2.

Vatalia, A. P. (2014). Psychological well-being in the adolescence of gender difference. Global Journal for Research Analysis, 3(3), 17–22. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA/recent_issues_pdf.

Zeenat, I., & Soha, D. (2012). Religiosity and psychological well being. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(11), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701700529.

Zlomke, K. R., & Jeter, K. M. (2014). Stress and worry: Examining the intolerance of uncertainty’s moderating effect. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 27(2), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2013.835400.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-07

How to Cite

Muslim, A. A., & Rafica, V. M. (2021). Intolerance Uncertainty as a Moderator between Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being in Unemployment. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 5(3), 459–465. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i3.31730

Issue

Section

Articles