PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN SEBAGAI DASAR PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v5i1.16752Abstract
Kesepakatan antara para pihak merupakan ruhnya perjanjian. Namun dalam praktik, kesepakatan perjanjian tidak selalu diberikan secara bebas. Cukup banyak perjanjian yang memiliki cacat kehendak karena dibuat atas dasar keterpaksaan, ancaman, atau ketidaktahuan para pihak. Kecacatan pada kesepakatan bisa terjadi karena adanya dwang, dwaling, bedrog maupun karena terjadi penyalahgunaan keadaan. Perjanjian yang di dalamnya terkandung unsur penyalahgunaan keadaan berpotensi untuk digugat di pengadilan ketika salah satu pihak menyadari bahwa kesepakatan yang diberikan pada saat penandatanganan perjanjian bercacat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Berdasarkan kajian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa dalam perkara gugatan penyalahgunaan keadaan, tidak selalu gugatan dimenangkan oleh pihak yang mendalilkan telah mengalami penyalahgunaan keadaan. Namun cukup banyak gugatan berdasarkan penyalahgunaan keadaan yang dimenangkan oleh pihak penggugat. Ini dapat diartikan bahwa dalil penyalahgunaan keadaan menjadi salah satu bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan karena masuk dalam sebuah perjanjian yang tidak berimbang.
Kata kunci: perjanjian, cacat kehendak, penyalahgunaan keadaan.
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Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).