SEJARAH HUKUM PERTAMBANGAN DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v5i1.16781Abstract
Perkembangan hukum pertambangan di Indonesia sebenarnya sudah terlihat sejak peninggalan zaman Kerajaan Hindu Sriwijaya dan masa kerajaanMajapahit. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan banyaknya pengrajin perkakas logam pada saat itu yang dikenal sebagai zaman perunggu.Pada zaman Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan Majapahit, izin pengusahaan pertambangan yang diberikan oleh Raja atau pembesar kerajaan masih dalam bentuk lisan atau dalam bentuk tertulis di pelepah lontar. Namun hingga kini belum pernah ditemukan catatan tertulis tentang hal tersebut, karena pada saat itu yang berlaku adalah hukum adat, dengan konsep maro atau bagi hasil. Kedua konsep tersebut sampai saat ini digunakan sebagai rujukan kerjasama pengusahaan migas dengan kontraktor asing. Sejak kedatangan bangsa Belanda, izin pengusahaan pertambangan diberikan dalam bentuk konsesi pertambangan. Konsesi pertamakali diberikan kepada Pangeran Hendrik dan Baron Van Tylpada tahun 1850, untuk penambangan Timah di Pulau Belitung, yang sepuluh tahun kemudian dibentuklah Perusahaan Timah Biliton Maatschappij. Konsesi merupakan bentukizin dari produk Belanda yang pernah berlaku di Hindia Belanda.
Kata kunci : pertambangan, Indonesia, sejarah.
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- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).