Fun Cognitive Games: A Play Therapy Approach to Alleviate Anxiety in Preschool Children with Thalassemia

Authors

  • Silvie Mil Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Nabilla Auliya Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Desi Nurillah Universitas Muhammadiyah Bogor Raya, Bogor, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v12i2.74791

Keywords:

Thalassemia, Anxiety Disorders, Play Therapy, Fun Cognitive Games

Abstract

Anxiety is one form of unpleasant emotional response that is often felt by children with thalassemia during the hospitalization process. This study aims to analyze the effect of play therapy using fun cognitive games on anxiety disorders in children with thalassemia. The study used a quantitative pre-experimental approach with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design in preschool children undergoing treatment at the Mother and Child Hospital (RSIA). The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique and involved five preschool children. The instrument used was an adaptation of the HARS instrument that had been validated and tested internally and externally. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS program. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the pretest and posttest showed a decrease in anxiety disorders from the criteria for very severe anxiety disorders to mild anxiety disorders after children received fun cognitive games play therapy. The Wilcoxon test produced an Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.042 <0.05, which indicated a significant effect of fun cognitive games play therapy on anxiety disorders in preschool children with thalassemia at RSIA. The conclusion of this study is that the innovation of fun cognitive games play therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preschool-age children with thalassemia. The implication of this study is that it can be a recommended intervention to support children's emotional well-being during hospitalization.

References

Abu Shosha, G. M., Al-Kalaldeh, M., & Shoqirat, N. (2022). Nurses’ experiences of psychosocial care needs of children with thalassaemia and their families in Jordan: A phenomenological study. Nursing Open, 9(6), 2858–2866. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.992.

Adawiyah, S. R., Adawiyah, S. Al, Nurmayanti, S., Nuraeni, R., Ardawilly, M. Y., Andriani, N., … Romansyah, A. (2024). Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (TAK) Art Painting Therapy pada Lansia di Ruangan Wisma Mangga Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulya 2. Medic Nutricia: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5455/nutricia.v3i1.3135.

Adelya, A., Ningsih, N. F., & Shofiyani, S. (2024). Asuhan Keperawatan pada An.D dengan Terapi Bermain Puzzle untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Tindakan Transfusi Darah pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di Ruangan Thalassemia Center RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru. SEHAT: Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu, 3(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.31004/sjkt.v3i1.25032.

Adimayanti, E., & Siyamti, D. (2020). Terapi bermain english games untuk Meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak Prasekolah. Jurnal Pengabdian Kesehatan, 3(2), 115–122.

https://doi.org/10.31596/jpk.v3i2.84.

Adyanti, H. E., Ulfa, A. F., & Kurniawati, K. (2020). Asuhan Keperawatan pada Anak dengan Thalassemia di Paviliun Seruni RSUD Jombang. Jurnal EDUNursing, 4(1), 17–23. Retrieved from

https://journal.unipdu.ac.id/index.php/edunursing/article/view/2336.

Amali, B. A. (2020). Upaya meminimalisasi kecemasan siswa saat berbicara di depan umum dengan metode expressive writing therapy. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 8(2), 109–118.

https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v8i2.12306.

Angastiniotis, M., & Lobitz, S. (2019). Thalassemias: An Overview. International Journal of Neonatal Screening, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns5010016 Full text links.

Asmarawanti, & Lustyawati, S. (2020). Penerapan Terapi Bermain Mewarnai Gambar Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan Hospitalisasi Anak Usia Pra Sekolah (3-6 Tahun). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Dan Keperawatan, 1(6), 83–92. Retrieved from

https://jurnal.ummi.ac.id/index.php/lentera/article/view/216/85.

Berry, J. G., Ash, A. S., Cohen, E., Hasan, F., Feudtner, C., & Hall, M. (2017). Contributions of children with multiple chronic conditions to pediatric hospitalizations in the United States: A retrospective cohort analysis. Hospital Pediatrics, 7(7), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2016-0179.

Bui, A. L., Dieleman, J. L., Hamavid, H., Birger, M., Chapin, A., Duber, H. C., & Murray, C. J. (2017). Spending on children’s personal health care in the United States, 1996–2013. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4086.

Christiana, I., & Hafsari, R. (2018). Hubungan Terapi Bermain Puzzle dengan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Anak Usia Prasekolah (3–5 Tahun) akibat Hospitalisasi di RSUD Blambangan Tahun 2017. Healthy, 6(2), 40–51. Retrieved from

https://www.ojsstikesbanyuwangi.com/index.php/healthy/article/view/15.

Dark, T., Flynn, H. A., Rust, G., Kinsell, H., & Harman, J. S. (2017). Epidemiology of emergency department visits for anxiety in the United States: 2009–2011. Psychiatric Services, 68(3), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201600148.

Daud, M. A. (2020). Correlation between of Ferritin Serum with Weight and Height in Patients with Thalassemia Β Major. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(2), 665–672.

https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.377.

Fauziah, R., Murtiningsih, M., & Inayah, I. (2023). Studi Literatur: Kualitas Hidup Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Thalasemia. Mando Care Jurnal, 2(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55110/mcj.v2i1.85.

Habibi, M. M. (2022). Penanganan Kecemasan pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Terapi Bermain. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i1.297.

Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50–55.

Hastuti, R. P. (2016). Analisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan orang tua anak thalasemia di RSUD Ahmad Yani Metro. Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai, 8(2), 49–54. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236060832.pdf.

Hockenberry, M., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. (2019). Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing (11th editi). Elsevier.

Huang, T. L., Zhang, T. Y., Song, C. Y., Lin, Y. B., Sang, B. H., Lei, Q. L., … Zhang, X. W. (2020). Gene Mutation Spectrum of Thalassemia Among Children in Yunnan Province. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00159.

In-Albon, T., Wahlund, T., & Perrin, S. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in children and adolescents. Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians and Researchers, 335–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119189909.ch16.

Kamilah, S. N., Muslim, C., Fatimatuzzahra, Atmaja, V. Y., Lestari, D. F., Sipriyadi, & Wibowo, R. H. (2023). Pengenalan Makanan Bernutrisi dan Pemeriksaan Saturasi Oksigen Pada Anak Penyandang Talasemia. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Nusantara, 4(2), 1328–1335.

https://doi.org/10.55338/jpkmn.v4i2.1065.

Katharine C. DeGeorge, MD, M., Molly Grover, MD, M., & Gregory S. Streeter, M. (2022). Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder in Adults. American Family Physician, 106(2), 157–164. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0800/generalized-anxiety-disorder-panic-disorder.html/1000.

Mariam, I. (2022). The Effect of Family Support, Transfusion Compliance and Self-Efficacy on the Quality of Life of Children With Thalassemia. KnE Life Sciences, 2022, 102–112.

https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10293.

Marni, Ambarwati, R., & Hapsari, F. N. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Mewarnai Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah. Jurnal Keperawatan GSH, 7(1), 24–29. Retrieved from https://jurnal.akpergshwng.ac.id/index.php/kep/article/view/60.

Maula, W. H. N., Sumantri, A. F., & Wardani, H. P. (2023). Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan dan Depresi pada Pasien Anak dengan Thalasemia Mayor di RSUD Al Ihsan Bandung Tahun 2021-2022. Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science, 3(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v3i1.5336.

Nagiria, V. R., Vince, J. D., & Duke, T. (2021). Living with thalassaemia in Papua New Guinea, the experience of children, adolescents and their families. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 57(10), 1589–1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15538.

Novia, R., & Arini, L. (2021). Efektivitas Terapi Bermain (Mewarnai) Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah (3-6 Tahun) Yang Dirawat Di Rumah Sakit Harapan Bunda Batam. Medihealth: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Sains, 1(1), 41–52. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/92747573/Efektivitas_Terapi_Bermain_Mewarnai_Terhadap_Penurunan_Kecemasan_Anak_Usia_Prasekolah_3_6_Tahun_Yang_Dirawat_Di_Rumah_Sakit_Harapan_Bunda_Batam.

Nurachman, S. Y., & Yuniarti, F. A. (2023). Pengaruh Painting terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Thalassemia yang Menjalani Transfusi Darah di RSUD Tidar Magelang: Studi Kasus. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Medika Drg.Suherman, 05(02), 57–62. Retrieved from

https://jurnal.medikasuherman.ac.id/?journal=JIKMDS&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=287.

Origa, R. (2017). β-Thalassemia. Genetics in Medicine, 19(6), 609–619.

https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2016.173.

Padila, P., Andri, J., Bengkulu, U. M., Andrianto, M. B., Sartika, A., & Oktaviyani, Y. (2022). Bermain Edukatif Ular Tangga Mampu Mengatasi Kecemasan pada Anak Hospitalisasi. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v4i1.3748.

Paloma, I. D. A. N. C. (2023). Talasemia : sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka. Biocity Journal of Pharmacy Bioscience and Clinical Community, 1(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.30812/biocity.v1i2.2525.

Paramita, M. V. A., Aceh, N. T., & Iju, A. S. (2022). Media visualisasi auditori kinestetik ( VAK ) terpadu untuk stimulasi keaksaraan awal anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 10(3), 432–439. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v10i3.53172.

Periyadi, A., Immawati, & Nurhayati, S. (2022). Penerapan Terapi Bermain Plastisin (Playdought) Dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah (3 – 5 Tahun) Yang Mengalami Hospitalisasi. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 2(1). Retrieved from

https://jurnal.akperdharmawacana.ac.id/index.php/JWC/article/view/286.

Ramadhayanti, A. S., Yulianti, M., & Hasanah, P. N. (2023). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Menggunakan Metode Mewarnai Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Anak di Ruang Thalasemia RSUD Kab. Sumedang Tahun 2023. JIKSA-Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Sebelas April, 5(2), 92–100. Retrieved from https://ejournal.lppmunsap.org/index.php/jiksa/article/view/1149.

Rediyanto, D. K. (2023). Deteksi Dini Thalassemia. Pratista Patologi, 8(1), 17–28. Retrieved from http://majalahpratistapatologi.com/p/index.php/journal/article/view/112.

Ridarsyah, L. M. N. (2022). Kepatuhan penggunaan alat pelindung diri oleh dokter gigi selama pandemi COVID-19. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 6(2).

https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i2.55035.

Rohmah, N. (2018). Terapi Bermain. Jember: LPPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember.

Rohmansyah, N. A. (2017). Kecemasan dalam olahraga. Jurnal Ilmiah Penjas (Penelitian, Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran), 3(1). Retrieved from http://ejournal.utp.ac.id/index.php/JIP/article/view/541.

Rujito, L. (2019). Talasemia: Genetik Dasar dan Pengelolaan Terkini (1'st editi). Purwokerto: Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

Saputro, H., & Fazrin, I. (2017). Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Akibat Hospitalisasi dengan Penerapan Terapi Bermain. JKI (Jurnal KonselingI Ndonesia), 3(1), 9–12.

https://doi.org/10.21067/jki.v3i1.1972.

Setiawati, E., & Sundari, S. (2019). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Anak Sebagai Dampak Hospitalisasi Di RSUD Ambarawa. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery (IJM), 2(1). https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v2i1.146.

Suryoadji, K. A., & Alfian, I. M. (2021). Patofisiologi Gejala Penyakit Thalasemia Beta: A Narrative Review. Khazanah: Jurnal Mahasiswa, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/khazanah.vol13.iss2.art2.

Tursinawati, Y., & Fuad, W. (2018). Pengetahuan Pengaruhi Sikap dan Tindakan Mahasiswa terhadap Program Pencegahan Thalassemia di Indonesia. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 2(4), 654–662. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v2i4.25407.

Yulianti, M. (2023). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Menggunakan Metode Mewarnai terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Anak di Ruang Thalassemia RSUD Kab. Sumedang Tahun 2023. JIKSA-Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Sebelas April, 5(2), 92–100. Retrieved from

https://ejournal.lppmunsap.org/index.php/jiksa/article/view/1149.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-25

How to Cite

Mil, S., Auliya, N., & Nurillah, D. (2024). Fun Cognitive Games: A Play Therapy Approach to Alleviate Anxiety in Preschool Children with Thalassemia. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 12(2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v12i2.74791

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): August

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Silvie Mil, Nabilla Auliya, Desi Nurillah

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with the Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)