Parental Socioeconomic Status, Locus of Control, Social-Media and Peer Pressure as Determinants of Risky-Sexual Behaviour Among Undergraduates
Kata Kunci:
Parental Socioeconomic Status, Locus of Control, Social-Media, Peer Influence, Risky-Sexual Behaviour, UndergraduatesAbstrak
This study examined parental socioeconomic status, locus of control, social media, and peer influence as determinants of risky-sexual behavior. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. Two hundred and forty (240) male and female undergraduates were the participants in the study. Data was collected using reliable instruments: (Risky Sexual Behaviuor Scale α = 0.84; Parental Socioeconomic Status Scale α = 0.79; Locus of Control Scale α = 0.87; Social-Media Scale α = 0.82; and Peer Influence Scale α = 0.91). From the results, there is a strong correlation between parental socioeconomic status (r = .396; p<0.05), locus of control (r = .482; p<.05), social-media (r = .558; p<.05), peer influence (r = .523; p<.05) and risky-sexual behaviour among undergraduate students. The most significant contribution was made by peer influence (β = .596; t= 3.852; p<0.05); followed by social-media (β = .501; t= 11.035; p<0.05); locus of control (β = .107; t= .822; p<0.05); and parental socio-economic status (β =.041; t= .526; p<0.05). The study concluded that more emphasis should be placed on providing adequately informative sex education services for students in the universities to equip them with valid facts about safe sex practices.
Referensi
Adewuyi, H. O. (2021). Mode Deactivation, Coherence Therapies and Self-Acceptance Among In-School Adolescents With Negative Body Image In Osun State, Nigeria. Published Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan, 216 Pages.
Adimora, D. E., Akaneme, I. N., & Aye, E. N. (2018). Peer Influence and home environment as predictors of disruptive and risky-sexual-behaviours of secondary school adolescents. African Health Sciences, 18(2), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v18i2.4
Agu, M. L. F., Costin, A. S., Deutz, M. H. F., Edelsbrunner, P. A., Záliš, L., & Franken, A. (2020). Associations between risk behaviour and social status in European adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12(2), 189-203. doi:10.1080/17405629.2014.975790
Ali, M. M., Amialchuk, A., & Dwyer, D. S. (2011). The social contagion effect of marijuana use among adolescents. PLoS ONE, 6. Retrieved from [PDF] Semantic Scholar: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/965b/2b5dbb7133f37aa3b0b145b96d0ebebe586d.pdf
Asrese, K., & Mekonnen, A. (2018). Social network correlates of risky-sexual-behaviour among adolescents in Bahir Dar and Mecha Districts, North West Ethiopia: an institution-based study. Reproductive Health, 15(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0505-8
Bonnie, R. J., Backes, E. P., Alegria, M., Diaz, A., & Brindis, C. D. (2019). Fulfilling the promise of adolescence: Realising opportunity for all youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 65(4), 440–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.07.018
Bornstein, M. H., & Zlotnik, D. (2008). Parenting styles and their effects. Retrieved from ScienceDirect Topics: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/authoritarian-parenting
Dintwa, K. F. (2012). Economic status, education and risky-sexual-behaviour for urban Botswana women. Journal of International Women's Studies, 13(3), 153-170. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol13/iss3/11
Durowade, K. A., Babatunde, O. A., Omokanye, L. O., Elegbede, O. E., Ayodele, L. M., Adewoye, K. R., Adetokunbo, S., Olomofe, C. O., Fawole, A. A., Adebola, O. E., & Olaniyan, T. O. (2017). Early sexual debut: Prevalence and risk factors among secondary school students in Ido-ekiti, Ekiti state, South-West Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 17(3), 614–622. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i3.3
Envuladu, J. J., Groeneveld, M. G., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2017). Gender-differentiated parenting revisited: Meta-analysis reveals very few differences in parental control of boys and girls. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0159193. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159193
Fagbule, O. F., Kanmodi, K. K., Samuel, V. O., Isola, T. O., Aliemeke, E. O., Ogbeide, M. E., ... & Ibiyemi, O. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of cigarette smoking and alcohol use among secondary school students in Nigeria. Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 19(2), 112-123.
Falaye, A. O. (2014). Human lifespan development: A basic text in developmental psychology. Ibadan, Oyo: Educational Research and Study Group, Institute of Education, University of Ibadan.
Gifford-Smith, M., Dodge, K. A., Dishion, T. J., & McCord, J. (2005). Peer influence in children and adolescents: Crossing the bridge from developmental to intervention science. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(2), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-3563-7
Goodwin, L. (2020). Internal or external locus of control: Which do you have? Retrieved from Lane Goodwin: https://lanegoodwin.com/internal-or-external-locus-of-control/
Gupta, V., & Tariq, N. (2022). High-risk behaviours. Retrieved from StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542179/
Heath, A. (2019). How does Peer Influence cause unhealthy sexual behaviour? Retrieved from Easier with practise: https://easierwithpractise.com/how-does-peer-pressure-cause-unhealthy-sexual-behaviour/
Iyoke, C., Ezugwu, F., Lawani, O., Ugwu, G., Ajah, L., & Mba, S. (2014). Peer-driven contraceptive choices and preferences for contraceptive methods among students of tertiary educational institutions in Enugu, Nigeria. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S67585Jewell, A.J. and Brown, C.S. 2019. Growing and Developing: Gender. In Cummings, J.A., and Lee, S. Introduction to Psychology. Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan Open Press. Retrieved from 14.6 Gender – Introduction to Psychology usask.ca
Kanmodi, K., Fagbule, O., Ogunniyi, K., Ogbeide, M., Samuel, V., Aliemeke, E., ... & Musa, S. (2020). Determinants of sexual practices among secondary school students in Nigeria: Focusing on socio-cultural and school-related factors. Rwanda Medical Journal, 77(4), 32-37. https://www.rwandamedicaljournal.org/uploads/1/2/2/1/122149944/op.20.14.pdf
Kassa, G. M., Degu, G., Yitayew, M., Misganaw, W., Muche, M., Demelash, T., Mesele, M., & Ayehu, M. (2016). Risky-sexual-behaviours and associated factors among Jiga High School and Preparatory School students, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2016, 4315729. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4315729
Knopp, A. K. (2021). Association between emotional intelligence and adolescent risky-sexual-behaviour. Retrieved from ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344659536_Association_between_emotional_intelligence_and_adolescent_risky-sexual-behaviour
Landry, M., Turner, M., Vyas, A., & Wood, S. (2017). Social media and sexual behaviour among adolescents: Is there a link? JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 3(2), e28. doi:10.2196/publichealth.7149
Latifi, B. (2020). Most common STDs symptoms and asymptomatic STDs. Retrieved from MetDaan: https://www.metdaan.com/stds-symptoms-and-asymptomatic-stds/
Lou J. (2012). How common are STDs in the US? Retrieved from PSTD Priority STD Testing: https://www.prioritystdtesting.com/how-common-are-stds-in-the-us/
Magnusson, B. M., Crandall, A., & Evans, K. (2019). Early sexual debut and risky sex in young adults: The role of low self-control. BMC Public Health, 19(1), doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7734-9
Media, peers and misinformation. (1996). Pacific AIDS Alert Bulletin, 12(18).
Mekonin, G., Takele, A., Atlaw, D., Lema, B., Degno, S., Seyoum, K., & Mekonin, A. (2019). Risky sexual behaviour and associated factors among students in Robe Technical Vocational Educational Training College, Oromia Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 8. [PDF] Retrieved from Semantic Scholar: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Risky-Sexual-Behaviour-and-Associated-Factors-among-Mekonin-Takele/00d712a13db1c43f0f23b0cc7eb3b69762e88eb7
Ngidi, N., Granados, R., Durán, C. A., & Galarza, C. (2016). Self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness among pregnant adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1270. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031270
Mujiyati, M., & Adiputra, S. (2018). Influence of Peer Influence on the self-esteem of Lampung and Javanese students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 5(1), 15-22. [PDF] Retrieved from ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331396317
Nowicki, S., Ellis, G., Golding, J., Gregory, S., & Iles-Caven, Y. (2018). Early home-life antecedents of children's locus of control. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02032
Odeyemi, K., Onajole, A., & Ogunowo, B. (2009). Sexual behaviour and the influencing factors among out-of-school female adolescents in Mushin market, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 21(1), 101-111. doi:10.1515/ijamh.2009.21.1.101
Odii, A., Atama, C. S., Igwe, I., Idemili-Aronu, N. J., & Onyeneho, N. G. (2020). Risky sexual behaviours among adolescent undergraduate students in Nigeria: Does social context of early adolescence matter? The Pan African Medical Journal, 37, 188. doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.37.188.22968
O'Hara, R. E., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Li, Z., & Sargent, J. D. (2012). Greater exposure to sexual content in popular movies predicts earlier sexual debut and increased sexual risk-taking. Psychological Science, 23(9), 984-993. doi:10.1177/0956797611435529
Oksanen, A., Miller, B. L., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Demant, J., Kaakinen, M., & Zych, I. (2021). Social media and access to drugs online: A nationwide study in the United States and Spain among adolescents and young adults. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 13(1), 29–36. doi:10.5093/ejpalc2021a5
Olowokerende, A. (2019). Sexuality in the twenty-first century. Retrieved from The Republic: https://www.therepublic.com/2019/06/18/sexuality-in-the-twenty-first-century/
Omoponle, A. H. (2023). Delinquency among senior secondary school adolescents: Psycho-personological factors: Psycho-personological factors. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 15(3), 2145-2165. https://ijci.globets.org/index.php/IJCI/article/view/1380/692
Omoponle, A. H., & Oyetunji, Y. A. (2019). Social factors as predictors of pornographic viewing among in-school adolescents in Edo state, Nigeria. Al-hikmah journal of education, 6(1), 89-95.
Omoponle, A. H., & Veronica, D. (2023). Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among in-school adolescents: a school-based, cross-sectional study. EUREKA: Social and Humanities, (4), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2023.003066
Onyemah, T. N., & Omoponle, A. H. (2022). Child abuse and family background as predictors of poor academic performance among adolescents in special schools of Ibadan-Nigeria. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology (Online ISSN 2664-0899. Print ISSN 2517-9306)., 6(1), 106-119.
Pharr, J., Enejoh, V., Mavegam, B. O., Olutola, A., Karick, H., & Ezeanolue, E. E. (2016). Impact of self-esteem on risky sexual behaviours among Nigerian adolescents. AIDS Care, 28(5), 672–676. doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1120853
Prakash, R. (2020). Role of the family in a child's development. Retrieved from FirstCry: https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/role-of-family-in-a-childs-development/
Quimby, D. (2015). Positive Peer Influence among Black American youth and the roles of ethnic identity and gender. Retrieved from Semantic Scholar: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Positive-Peer-Pressure-Among-Black-American-Youth-Quimby/9a496672450ee85c7cc9b0b7475f3fd47c2bb9bc
Regushevskaya, E., Dubikaytis, T., Nikula, M., Kuznetsova, O., & Hemminki, E. (2014). Contraceptive use and abortion among women of reproductive age in St. Petersburg, Russia. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(1), 51-58. doi:10.1111/j.1931-2393.2009.04115109.x
Umanhonlen, S. E., Omoponle, A. H., Ayodeji, A. S., & Akorede, R. N. (2023). Sexual promiscuity among students in tertiary institutions: Interrogating the roles of peer influence, parenting processes, social economic status and social media. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 20(2), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2217
Vannucci, A., Simpson, E. G., Gagnon, S., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2020). Social media use and risky behaviours in adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 258-274. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.014
Villines, Z. (2022). Peer Influence and drugs: Definition, risk factors, and addiction. Retrieved from Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326202
WHO (2021). What is negative peer pressure? Retrieved from Color New York: https://color-newyork.com/what-is-negative-peer-pressure/
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.