Phonological and Lexical Features of Lemukih and Galungan Dialects of Balinese

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan ciri-ciri fonologis dan leksikal dari Lemukih Dialek (LD) dan Galungan Dialek (GD). Informan dari penelitian ini adalah penutur LD dan GD. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian lapangan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan daftar kata Swadesh dengan cara observasi, wawancara, mendengarkan, mencatat, dan merekam. Data tersebut kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LD dan GD memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan secara fonologis dan leksikal. Secara fonologis, ditemukan 25 fonem yang sama pada LD dan GD. Fonem-fonem tersebut adalah: 6 vokal: /ʌ/, /I/, /ʊ/, /ɛ/, /∂/, and /ɔ/; dan 19 konsonan: /b/, /c/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /ʔ/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/, /y/, /ñ/, and /ŋ/. Di sisi lain, perbedaan secara fonologis terletak pada penggunaan fonem /ʌ/ dan /∂/ pada LD dan GD. Berdasarkan daftar kata Swadesh yang digunakan yang terdiri dari 206 leksikon, 179 leksikon ditemukan sama di LD dan GD secara leksikal. Leksikon tersebut diklasifikasikan menjadi: 144 leksikon yang sama dan 35 leksikon yang serupa. Di sisi lain, hanya 27 leksikon ditemukan sebagai bukti yang membedakan LD dan GD secara leksikal. Penduduk Desa Lemukih dan Galungan menggunakan dialek Bahasa Bali yang berbeda karena adanya bentuk sopan atau Sor Singgih Basa dalam Bahasa Bali.
Kata Kunci : dialek Bahasa Bali, fitur fonologis, fitur leksikal

The study aimed to find out the phonological and lexical features in Lemukih Dialect (LD) and Galungan Dialect (GD) of Balinese. The informants of this study were the speakers of LD and GD. This research employed field linguistic design. The data of the study were collected based on Swadesh word list using observation, interview, listening, note-taking, and recording techniques. The obtained data were transcribed and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that LD and GD actually have similarities and differences in term of phonological and lexical features. The results of the study show that there are 25 phonemes that similar in LD and GD in term of phonological features. Those phonemes include 6 vowels: /ʌ/, /I/, /ʊ/, /ɛ/, /∂/ ; and 19 consonants: /b/, /c/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /ʔ/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/, /y/, /ñ/, /ŋ/. In addition, the differences are the distribution of phoneme /ʌ/ and /∂/ in LD and GD. Furthermore, from the Swadesh word list which contain 206 lexicons, 179 lexicons are found similar in LD and GD in term of lexical features. Those lexicons can be classified into 144 exactly same forms and 35 similar forms of lexicons. On the other hand, only 27 lexicons are found as the evidence that differentiates LD and GD in term of lexical features. In addition, the reason Lemukih and Galungan villagers differ in using Balinese language dialect because of the honorific system or the polite form of the dialect.
keyword : dialect of Balinese, lexical features, phonological features