AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS PRINCIPLES USED BY THE CANDIDATES DURING 2ND ROUND DKI JAKARTA GOVERNOR ELECTION DEBATE IN 2017

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis prinsip kesopanan yang digunakan oleh kandidat pada putaran kedua debat pemilihan gubernur DKI Jakarta, meyelidiki alasan dari penggunaan prinsip kesantunan jenis tertentu yang paling sering digunakan oleh kedua kandidat dan menganalisis implikasi dari jenis prinsip kesantunan yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dianalisis berdasarkan prinsip kesopanan yang diusulkan oleh Leech (1983) dan klasifikasi tindakan ilokusi diusulkan berdasarkan Searle (1975) yang dikutip oleh Leech (1983). Data diambil dari transkripsi video putaran kedua debat pemilihan gubernur DKI Jakarta. Jumlah data yang ditemukan sebanyak 195 yang mengandung prinsip kesopanan dari kedua kandidat. Instrumen utama penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri dan peneliti meminta triangulator untuk menilai data untuk mendapatkan hasil terpercaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada lima jenis prinsip kesopanan yang ditemukan dalam kedua pernyataan kandidat tersebut, yaitu: tact maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, approbation maxim dan agreement maxim. Kedua kandidat sering kali melanggar penggunaan maksim. Pelanggaran maksim kebijaksanaan secara dominan digunakan oleh subjek I, sementara pelanggaran maksim kebijaksanaan sering digunakan oleh subjek II. Semua jenis tindakan ilokusi ditemukan di kedua pernyataan kandidat. Pernyataan asertif dominan digunakan oleh subjek I, sementara subjek II cenderung menggunakan pernyataan komisif. Oleh karena itu, alasan penggunaan prinsip kesopanan tertentu mengacu pada penggunaan tindakan ilokusi. Subjek I memaksimalkan pujian untuk dirinya dengan menyatakan program terbaik yang telah dilakukannya, sementara subjek II memaksimalkan untuk merugikan lawannya dengan mengungkapkan kesalahan subjek I dan kemudian memberikan penawaran tentang program barunya. Memberikan pernyataan komisif nyatanya lebih efektif untuk mendapat perhatian publik karena mereka ingin mendapatkan harapan baru.
Kata Kunci : prinsip kesopanan, tindakan ilokusi, putaran 2 debat pemilihan DKI Jakarta

This research aimed to identify the types of politeness principles used by candidates during 2nd round of DKI Jakarta governor election debate, investigate the reason of a particular type of politeness principles more frequently used by both candidates and analyse the implications of type of politeness principles used. This research employed descriptive qualitative research. The data were analysed based on Politeness Principle proposed by Leech (1983) and the classification of illocutionary acts was based on Searle (1975) cited by Leech (1983). The data were taken from transcription of 2nd round of DKI Jakarta governor election debate video. The total number of the data found were 195 containing politeness principles from both candidates. The main instrument of this research was the researcher herself and the researcher asked the triangulator to assess the trustworthiness of the data. The result of this research showed that there were five types of politeness principle found in both candidates’ statements, they were: tact maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, approbation maxim and agreement maxim. Both candidates often flouted the use of maxims. Flouting modesty maxim was dominantly used by subject I, while flouting tact maxim was dominantly used by subject II. All types of illocutionary acts found in both candidates’ statements. The assertive were dominantly used by subject I, while subject II tended to use commisives. Therefore, the reason of the use particular politeness principles was referred to the use of illocutionary acts. Subject I maximized praise of himself by stating his best program that had been done, while subject II maximized cost of his opponent by exposing subject I’s mistakes and then gave an offer about his new program. In fact, giving commisives statements were more effective to get public’s attention since they wanted to get a new hope.
keyword : politeness principles, illocutionary acts, 2nd round DKI Jakarta election debate