The Phonological Changes from Gelgel Dialect to Tampekan Dialect: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan bahasa dari dialek Gelgel ke dialek Tampekan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Peneliatian ini mengambil tempat di desa Gelgel, kecamatan Klungkung, kabupaten Klungkung dan di desa Tampekan, kecamatan Banjar, kabupaten Buleleng. Ada tiga informan yang dipilih ditiap desa. Satu orang sebagai informan yang utama, dua orang lainnya sebagai informan yang membantu. Data dianalisis berdasarkan teori tipe perubahan bahasa yang disarankan oleh Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013). Data diperoleh berdasarkan daftar kata Swadesh dan daftar kata Nothofer. Hasil dari data analisis menunjukan bahwa ada 8 kata yang mengalami aphaeresis (menghilangnya fonem di depan kata), 10 kata yang mengalami syncope (menghilangnya fonem di tengah kata), 2 kata yang mengalami apocope (menghilangnya fonem diakhir kata), 7 kata yang mengalami haplology (menghilangnya suku kata dalam sebuah kata), 7 kata yang mengalami epenthesis (penambahan fonem di depan kata), 2 kata yang mengalami prosthesis (penambahan ditengah kata), 4 kata yang mengalami paragoge (penambahan fonem di akhir kata), 6 kata yang mengalami assimilation (sebuah fonem yang mengubah fonem lainnya dan terdengan mirip), and 7 kata yang mengalami dissimilation (perubahan fonem yang tidak mirip dari sebelumnya).
Kata Kunci : fonologi, perubahan bunyi, dan dialek.

This study aimed at describing the phonological changes from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. It took place in Gelgel village, Klungkung district, Klungkung regency and Tampekan village, Banjar district, Buleleng regency. There were three informants selected in each dialect. One person was appointed as main informant, and the other two were determined as the supporting informants. The data were analyzed based on the theory of types of phonological changes suggested by Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013).The data were collected based on two wordlists, namely Swadesh and Nothofer. The result of data analysis showed that there are 8 words which undergoing aphaeresis (loss of the phoneme in the beginning of the word), 10 words which undergoing syncope (loss of the phoneme in the middle of word), 2 words which undergoing apocope (loss of the phoneme in the final of the word), 7 words which undergoing haplology (loss of syllable in the word), 7 words which undergoing epenthesis (addition in the middle word position), 2 words which undergoing prosthesis (addition in the initial word position), 4 words which undergoing paragoge (addition in the final word position), 6 words which undergoing assimilation (one phoneme changes another phoneme to be more similar), and 9 words which undergoing dissimilation (a sound change to be unlike the sound before it).
keyword : Keywords: Phonology, Phonological Changes, Dialect