AN ANALYSIS OF PHONEMIC AND SEMANTIC CHANGES OF INDONESIAN WORDS BORROWED FROM ENGLISH APPEARING IN TOURISM MAGAZINES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v4i1.8193Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai macam jenis perubahan phonemic dan semantic yang terjadi pada bahasa pinjaman di Bahasa Indonesia dari Bahasa Inggris yang ditemukan di majalah-majalah pariwisata. Majalah pariwisata dipilih karena peneliti mengkhususkan fokus penelitian pada ranah pariwisata. Ranah pariwisata merupakan ranah dimana kontak antara Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris terjadi lebih banyak karena Indonesia sendiri merupakan daerah tujuan wisata populer sehingga penggunaan Bahasa Inggris dalam komunikasi terjadi lebih intensif. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti berpedoman pada metode “Interactively Data Analysis Model” milik Miles dan Huberman (1984). Langkah-Langkahnya meliputi (1) membaca dua judul majalah yang telah disiapkan, (2) mengumpulkan kata-kata pinjaman dengan mempertimbangkan apakah kata tersebut terdengar/ tertulis seperti Bahasa Inggris atau tidak, (3) menulis dan mengartikan kata-kata pinjaman tersebut dan menaruhnya kedalam tabel-tabel, (4) menganalisis perubahan phonemic dengan berujuk pada perpaduan teori dari Warsiman dan Haspelmath & Tadmor, Teori milik Lass dan teori rephonemicization milik Crowley; perubahan semantic dengan berujuk pada teori milik Bloomfield, (5) memverifikasi dan menarik kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat 5 tipe perubahan phonemic pada konsonan (6 proses phonemic shift, 3 proses phonemic split dan 1 proses masing masing untuk apocope, syncope dan lenition) dan 3 tipe perubahan phonemic pada vokal (2 proses phonemic split, 4 proses phonemic merger dan 4 proses paragore). Selain itu, terdapat juga tiga tipe perubahan semantic, meliputi perluasan makna, penyempitan makna dan peyorasi.Kata Kunci : kata-kata pinjaman, perubahan phonemic, perubahan semantic
This research paper analyzes the various phonemic and semantic changes of Indonesian words borrowed from English appearing in tourism magazines. Tourism magazines were chosen because the researcher limited the focus of the study under the area of tourism field. Tourism field was considered as the field where language contact between English and Indonesian occurs more frequently than the others because Indonesia is a popular tourist destination so that the usage of English in communication happens intensively. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the method of “Interactively Data Analysis Model” of Miles and Huberman (1984). The steps were (1) reading the two magazines prepared, (2) collecting the borrowed words by considering whether the words has maintained the quiet similar spelling /pronunciation with English or not, (3) transcribing and defining the borrowed words and putting them into tables, (4) analyzing the phonemic changes based on the synthesized theories of Warsiman and Haspelmath & Tadmor, the Lass’ theory and the rephonemicization theory of Crowley; semantic changes by considering the theory of Bloomfield, (5) verifying and drawing a conclusion of the study. The results of the study show that there are five types of phonemic changes for consonants (6 processes of phonemic shift, 3 processes of phonemic split, and 1 process for apocope, syncope, lenition respectively) and three types of phonemic changes for vowel (2 processes of phonemic split, 4 processes of phonemic merger and 4 processes of paragore). Further, there are three types of semantic changes: semantic broadening, semantic narrowing and pejoration.
keyword : borrowing words, phonemic changes, semantic changes
Published
2016-08-03
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