Smart Contract Innovation and Blockchain-Based Tokenization in Higher Education

I Ketut Gunawan; Ninda Lutfiani; Qurotul Aini; Fitria Marwati Suryaman; Abas Sunarya

doi:10.23887/jet.v5i4.40665

Penulis

I Ketut Gunawan University of Raharja
Ninda Lutfiani University of Raharja
Qurotul Aini University of Raharja
Fitria Marwati Suryaman University Of Raharja
Abas Sunarya University Of Raharja

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i4.40665

Kata Kunci:

Blockchain, Innovation, Smart Contract, Tokenization

Abstrak

Blockchain which includes smart contract and tokenization features is the latest technology in the world, especially Indonesia. Smart contracts and tokenization make it very easy for users and can maintain valid data security, but there are still many universities that have not implemented the system so they have to involve many parties and costs. The problem taken in this study is the payment process for transactions such as credit and data processing that is vulnerable to illegal data leakage. This study aims to develop a smart contract system and blockchain tokenization in universities in the payment transaction process. The method used in this research is literature review analysis and testing method. The implementation of smart contracts and tokenization can replace third parties as security guards of transaction data with all Blockchain users paying attention and ensuring the integrity of the entire process and activity. This of course can avoid problems that arise from the presence of third parties in the transaction process. So it can be concluded that the implementation of smart contracts and Blockchain tokenization in payment transactions is the right solution to be applied in the payment transaction process at universities.

Referensi

Agustin, F., Aini, Q., Khoirunisa, A., & Nabila, E. A. (2020). Utilization of Blockchain Technology for Management E-Certificate Open Journal System. Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM), 4(2), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v4i2.1293.

Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa’deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.004.

Ale, K., Loh, Y. A. C., & Chib, A. (2017). Contextualized-OLPC education project in rural India: measuring learning impact and mediation of computer self-efficacy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(3), 769–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9517-2.

Asgaonkar, A., & Krishnamachari, B. (2019). Solving the buyer and seller’s dilemma: A dual-deposit escrow smart contract for provably cheat-proof delivery and payment for a digital good without a trusted mediator. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), 262–267.

Buchanan, J., Pressick-Kilborn, K., & Maher, D. (2019). Promoting environmental education for primary school-aged students using digital technologies. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/100639.

Buchner, D., Snelling, A., & Cohen, M. (2010). Spa-related education and training. In Understanding the Global Spa Industry (2nd ed., pp. 394–413). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080879161-35.

Bünz, B., Agrawal, S., Zamani, M., & Boneh, D. (2020). Zether: Towards privacy in a smart contract world. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 423–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51280-4_23.

Casado-Vara, R., González-Briones, A., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2018). Smart contract for monitoring and control of logistics activities: Pharmaceutical utilities case study. The 13th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications, 509–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94120-2_49.

Chang, S. E., Chen, Y.-C., & Lu, M.-F. (2019). Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: A case of smart contract based tracking process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.03.015.

Chen, X. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities : a survey Zibin Zheng and Shaoan Xie Hong-Ning Dai Huaimin Wang. IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Proceedings, 14(4), 352–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647.

Chen, Y.-H., Chen, S.-H., & Lin, I.-C. (2018). Blockchain based smart contract for bidding system. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI), 208–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI.2018.8394569.

Dolgui, A., Ivanov, D., Potryasaev, S., Sokolov, B., Ivanova, M., & Werner, F. (2020). Blockchain-oriented dynamic modelling of smart contract design and execution in the supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 58(7), 2184–2199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1627439.

Eka, C., Santoso, N. P. L., Amelia, S., & Devana, V. T. (2021). Pelatihan Software Editing Bagi Mahasiswa Pada Universitas Raharja. ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.34306/adimas.v1i2.442.

Fahmy, R., Bachtiar, N., Rahim, R., & Malik, M. (2015). Measuring Student Perceptions to Personal Characters Building in Education: An Indonesian Case in Implementing New Curriculum in High School. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.112.

Febriyanto, E., Rahardja, U., Faturahman, A., & Lutfiani, N. (2019). Sistem Verifikasi Sertifikat Menggunakan Qrcode Pada Central Event Information. 18(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.33633/tc.v18i1.2078.

Fitri, Y., & Putro, N. H. P. S. (2021). EFL Teachers’ Perception of the Effectiveness of ICT-ELT Integration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Sciences and Teacher Profession (ICETeP 2020), 532(532), 502–508. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210227.086.

Giancaspro, M. (2017). Is a ‘smart contract’really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective. Computer Law & Security Review, 33(6), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.05.007.

Gishti, E. (Shehi). (2018). Social Partnership in Vocational Education and Training in Albania. European Journal of Education, 1(3), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejed.v1i3.p163-169.

Gunawan, I. K., Sukmana, H. T., & Ardianto, A. Y. (2021). Blockchain Technology as A Media for Sharing Information that Generates User Access Rights and Incentives. Blockchain Frontier Technology, 1(01), 44–55. https://journal.pandawan.id/b-front/article/view/2.

Hahn, A., Singh, R., Liu, C.-C., & Chen, S. (2017). Smart contract-based campus demonstration of decentralized transactive energy auctions. 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086092.

He, N., Wu, L., Wang, H., Guo, Y., & Jiang, X. (2020). Characterizing code clones in the ethereum smart contract ecosystem. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 654–675. https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00272.

Ho, L., & Ismawan Prasetia Devi. (2020). A New trend in understanding students’ interest in learning science: microetnography. Integrated Science Education Journal (ISEJ), 1(2), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.37251/isej.v1i2.72.

Huang, Y., Bian, Y., Li, R., Zhao, J. L., & Shi, P. (2019). Smart contract security: A software lifecycle perspective. IEEE Access, 7, 150184–150202. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2946988.

Karamitsos, I., Papadaki, M., & Al Barghuthi, N. B. (2018). Design of the blockchain smart contract: A use case for real estate. Journal of Information Security, 9(03), 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jis.2018.93013.

Khatoon, A. (2020). A blockchain-based smart contract system for healthcare management. Electronics, 9(1), 94.

Kim, M., Hilton, B., Burks, Z., & Reyes, J. (2018). Integrating blockchain, smart contract-tokens, and IoT to design a food traceability solution. 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMCON.2018.8615007.

Lapitan, L. D., Tiangco, C. E., Sumalinog, D. A. G., Sabarillo, N. S., & Diaz, J. M. (2021). An effective blended online teaching and learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education for Chemical Engineers, 35(May 2020), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.01.012.

Li, Y., Yang, W., He, P., Chen, C., & Wang, X. (2019). Design and management of a distributed hybrid energy system through smart contract and blockchain. Applied Energy, 248, 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.132.

Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Zheng, S., & Li, Y. (2019). Electric vehicle power trading mechanism based on blockchain and smart contract in V2G network. IEEE Access, 7, 160546–160558. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951057.

Loh, K., & Kanai, R. (2016). How has the Internet Reshaped Human Cognition? Neoruscientist, 1(1), 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858415595005.

Lu, N., Wang, B., Zhang, Y., Shi, W., & Esposito, C. (2021). NeuCheck: A more practical Ethereum smart contract security analysis tool. Software: Practice and Experience, 51(10), 2065–2084. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2745.

Lutfiani, N., Rahardja, U., Studi, P., Informasi, S., & Raharja, U. (2020). Peran inkubator bisnis dalam membangun startup pada perguruan tinggi. 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v5i1.2727.

Macrinici, D., Cartofeanu, C., & Gao, S. (2018). Smart contract applications within blockchain technology: A systematic mapping study. Telematics and Informatics, 35(8), 2337–2354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.10.004.

McCorry, P., Shahandashti, S. F., & Hao, F. (2017). A smart contract for boardroom voting with maximum voter privacy. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 357–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70972-7_20.

Mohanta, B. K., Panda, S. S., & Jena, D. (2018). An overview of smart contract and use cases in blockchain technology. 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT.2018.8494045.

Muflih, S., Abuhammad, S., Al-Azzam, S., Alzoubi, K. H., Muflih, M., & Karasneh, R. (2021). Online learning for undergraduate health professional education during COVID-19: Jordanian medical students’ attitudes and perceptions. Heliyon, 7(9), e08031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08031.

Muhamad Nova. (2017). Character Education In Indonesia EFL Classroom Implementation and Obstacles. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v7i2.13650.

Nurhaeni, T., Lutfiani, N., Singh, A., Febriani, W., & Hardini, M. (2021). The Value of Technological Developments Based on An Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, 1(1), 1–13. https://iiast-journal.org/ijcitsm/index.php/IJCITSM/article/download/4/11.

Okoduwa, S. I. R., Abe, J. O., Samuel, B. I., Chris, A. O., Oladimeji, R. A., Idowu, O. O., & Okoduwa, U. J. (2018). Attitudes, Perceptions, and Barriers to Research and Publishing Among Research and Teaching Staff in a Nigerian Research Institute. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 3(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2018.00026.

Parizi, R. M., & Dehghantanha, A. (2018). Smart contract programming languages on blockchains: An empirical evaluation of usability and security. International Conference on Blockchain, 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94478-4_6.

Pee, S. J., Kang, E. S., Song, J. G., & Jang, J. W. (2019). Blockchain based smart energy trading platform using smart contract. 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC), 322–325. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIIC.2019.8668978.

Perez, D., & Livshits, B. (2019). Smart contract vulnerabilities: Does anyone care? ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1902.06710, 1–15.

Praitheeshan, P., Pan, L., Yu, J., Liu, J., & Doss, R. (2019). Security analysis methods on ethereum smart contract vulnerabilities: a survey. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1908.08605. https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.08605.

Rahardja, U., Hidayanto, A. N., Hariguna, T., & Aini, Q. (2019). Design Framework on Tertiary Education System in Indonesia Using Blockchain Technology. 2019 7th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, CITSM 2019, 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM47753.2019.8965380.

Rahardja, U., & Lutfiani, N. (2020). The Strategy of Improving Project Management Using Indicator Measurement Factor Analysis (IMF) Method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477(3), 32023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1477/3/032023.

Rahardja, U., Lutfiani, N., Aini, Q., & Annisa, I. Y. (2021). The Potential Utilization of Blockchain Technology. 1(1), 57–67.

Rahardja, U., Lutfiani, N., & Amelia, S. (2019). Creative Content Marketing In Scientific Publication Management In Industrial Era 4.0. Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM), 3(2), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v3i2.991.

Rahardja, U., Lutfiani, N., & Juniar, H. L. (2019). Scientific Publication Management Transformation In Disruption Era. 3(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v3i2.1008.

Rahardja, U., Lutfiani, N., Lestari, A. D., & Manurung, E. B. P. (2019). Inovasi Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Dalam Era Disruptif Menggunakan Metodologi iLearning. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Asia, 13(1), 23–34. https://jurnal.stmikasia.ac.id/index.php/jitika/article/view/298.

Raharja, U., Lutfiani, N., Handayani, I., & Suryaman, F. M. (2019). Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Terhadap Metode Pembelajaran Online iLearning+ Pada Perguruan Tinggi. Sisfotenika, 9(2), 192. https://doi.org/10.30700/jst.v9i2.497.

Rusli, R., Rahman, A., & Abdullah, H. (2020). Student perception data on online learning using heutagogy approach in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Data in Brief, 29, 105152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105152.

Ryan, P. A. (2017). Smart contract relations in e-commerce: legal implications of exchanges conducted on the blockchain. Technology Innovation Management Review. https://timreview.ca/article/1110.

Saputro, F. E. (2020). The Role Of Islamic Religious Education Teachers In Actualizing Tolerance Attitudes To Students. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v12i2.214.

Saraswati, M., Lutfiani, N., & Ramadhan, T. (2021). Kolaborasi Integrasi Inkubator Bersama Perguruan Tinggi Sebagai Bentuk Pengabdian Terhadap Masyarakat Dalam Perkembangan Iptek. ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.34306/adimas.v1i2.429.

Sato, T., & Himura, Y. (2018). Smart-contract based system operations for permissioned blockchain. 2018 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/NTMS.2018.8328745.

Sayeed, S., Marco-Gisbert, H., & Caira, T. (2020). Smart contract: Attacks and protections. IEEE Access, 8, 24416–24427. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2970495.

Thomas, L., Zhou, Y., Long, C., Wu, J., & Jenkins, N. (2019). A general form of smart contract for decentralized energy systems management. Nature Energy, 4(2), 140–149. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-018-0317-7.

Wang, S., Yuan, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Qin, R., & Wang, F.-Y. (2018). An overview of smart contract: architecture, applications, and future trends. 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2018.8500488.

Wijaya, H., Tari, E., Sumule, L., Weismann, I. T. J., & Supartini, T. (2021). Online Learning Evaluation in Higher Education: Study Survey Method. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.35466.

Wu, S., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Li, M., Wang, C., & Luo, X. (2018). CReam: A smart contract enabled collusion-resistant e-auction. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 14(7), 1687–1701. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2018.2883275.

Younus, A. M., & Raju, V. (2021). Resilient Features of Organizational Culture in Implementation of Smart Contract Technology Blockchain In Iraqi Gas and Oil Companies. International Journal for Quality Research, 15(2), 435.

Yu, L., Tsai, W.-T., Li, G., Yao, Y., Hu, C., & Deng, E. (2017). Smart-contract execution with concurrent block building. 2017 IEEE Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1109/SOSE.2017.33.

Yuan, R., Xia, Y.-B., Chen, H.-B., Zang, B.-Y., & Xie, J. (2018). Shadoweth: Private smart contract on public blockchain. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 33(3), 542–556. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11390-018-1839-y.

Yunita, W., & Maisarah, I. (2020). Students ’ Perception On Learning Language At The Graduate Program OF English Education Amids The Covid 19 Pandemic. Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 2069(6), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.29300/ling.v6i2.3718.

Yusup, M., Aini, Q., Apriani, D., & Nursaputri, P. (2019). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Blockchain Pada Program Sertifikasi Dosen. SENSITIf: Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi Informasi, 365–371. https://ejurnal.dipanegara.ac.id/index.php/sensitif/article/view/575.

Zhang, Y., Kasahara, S., Shen, Y., Jiang, X., & Wan, J. (2018). Smart contract-based access control for the internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2), 1594–1605. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2847705.

Zhou, E., Hua, S., Pi, B., Sun, J., Nomura, Y., Yamashita, K., & Kurihara, H. (2018). Security assurance for smart contract. 2018 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/NTMS.2018.8328743.

Zhuang, Y., Liu, Z., Qian, P., Liu, Q., Wang, X., & He, Q. (2020). Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection using Graph Neural Network. IJCAI, 3283–3290. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/454.

Zou, W., Lo, D., Kochhar, P. S., Le, X.-B. D., Xia, X., Feng, Y., Chen, Z., & Xu, B. (2019). Smart contract development: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2019.2942301 davav.