Asynchronous vs Synchronous: Effects of Online Learning on Students' Oral Presentation Skills

Penulis

  • Vivi Indriyani Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
  • Jasmienti UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
  • Hasri Fendi Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v8i1.67113

Kata Kunci:

Online Learning, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Oral Presentation, Speaking Skill

Abstrak

Online learning has become popular globally in every field of education as a result of advances in information and communication technology despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning can be done synchronously and asynchronously. Based on this explanation, the purpose of this study was to analyze and compare synchronous and asynchronous online learning on students' oral presentation skills. This research method is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design. Two classes were selected as the sample for this study using a purposive sampling technique. With the provisions of one class as experimental class 1 by treating students with asynchronous online learning, while the experimental class 2 learning is carried out synchronously online. The research instrument used was a performance test, in which students made oral presentations. Analysis of research data using SPSS with the stages of normality test, homogeneity test, and t test. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the average student learning outcomes, namely oral presentation skills and synchronous and asynchronous online learning processes. Based on the average difference, it shows that students are better at making oral presentations when learning is carried out asynchronously. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that online learning can be used as an alternative for the learning process, especially asynchronously, especially in relation to oral presentations.

Referensi

Abuseileek, A. F., & Qatawneh, K. (2013). Effects of synchronous and asynchronous compter-mediated communication (CMC) oral conversations on English language learners’ discourse functions. Computers & Education, 62, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.013.

Al-Nouh, N. A., Abdul-Kareem, M. M., & Taqi, H. A. (2015). EFL College Students’ Perceptions of the Difficulties in Oral Presentation as a Form of Assessment. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p136.

Alsayed, R. A., & Althaqafi, A. S. A. (2022). Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits and Challenges for EFL Students. International Education Studies, 15(3), 122. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v15n3p122.

Alwi, N. F. B., & Sidhu, G. K. (2013). Oral presentation: Self-perceived competence and actual performance among UITM business faculty students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.070.

Amemado, D., & Manca, S. (2017). Learning from decades of online distance education: MOOCs and the Community of Inquiry Framework. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 13(2), 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1339.

Argüello, G., & Méndez, M. G. (2019). Virtual advising: A tool for retention, engagement, and success for the graduate student learner. Distance Learning, 16(2), 51–57. https://search.proquest.com/openview/39e619d27101f55489b51c4f43b5602b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=29704.

Beruin, L. C. (2022). STEM students conceptions of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenographic study. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 6(4), 143–167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202217716 Research.

Borup, J., West, R. E., & Graham, C. R. (2012). Improving online social presence through asynchronous video. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.11.001.

Cañete, G., & Inostroza-Araos, M.-J. (2022). Exploring the Contribution of Self-Assessment Checklists to Improve Oral Presentations. How, 29(2), 57–80. https://doi.org/10.19183/how.29.2.702.

Cha, Y. (2007). A study of peer feedback patterns in CMC modes on Korean EFL students. Multimedia Assisted Language Learning, 10(1), 9–35. http://doi.org/10.15702/mall.2007.10.1.9.

Chang, F. (2012). Peer review via three modes in an EFL writing course. Computers and Composition, 29, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2012.01.001.

Chang, Y., & Huang, H. (2015). Exploring TED Talks as a pedagogical resources for oral presentations: A corpus-based move analysis. English Teaching & Learning, 39(4), 29–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6330/ETL.2015.39.4.02.

Chen, L.-T., & Liu, L. (2020). Social presence in multidimensional online discussion: The roles of group size and requirements for discussions. Computers in the Schools, 37(2), 116–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380.

Chuang, Y. Y. (2011). The effectiveness of implemented oral activities and instructions in the college EFL classroom. Journal of National Formosa University, 30, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.6425/JNHUST.201106.0076.

Cigdem, H., & Özkan, U. B. (2022). Do vocational college students ready for online learning in post-COVID instruction? Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 5(2), 432–442. http://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1074913.

Dollisso, A., & Koundinya, V. (2011). An integrated framework for assessing oral presentations using peer, self, and instructor assessment strategies. NACTA Journal, 39–44. https://www.jstor.org/stable/nactajournal.55.4.39.

Dube, S., & Scott, E. (2017). A Survey of the University Students’ Perspectives about Using Digital Technologies in Education: Zimbabwean Case. IAFOR Journal of Education, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ije.5.1.07.

Duklim, B., & Musigrungsi, S. (2018). Oral presentation performance and strategies employed by students in an international classroom context. Songklanakarin Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(1), 39–74. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/psujssh/article/view/127909.

Durante, P. G. C. (2022). Effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous online learning delivery in developing oral communication competencies. South Florida Journal of Development, 3(3), 3529–3536. https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-039.

Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Dziuban, C., Graham, C.R., Moskal, P.D., Norberg, A. and Sicilia, N. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1–16. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5.

Elekaei, A. (2022). The Use of Adobe Connect in Synchronous Online Teaching. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 19(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.19.2.5.

Faramarzi, S., Elekaei, A., & Koosha, M. (2015). New Insights Into Distance Language Learning. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 2(8), 191–207. http://jallr.com/index.php/JALLR/article/view/212.

Forbes, D. (2022). Student Expectations of Peers in Academic Asynchronous Online Discussion. Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning, 26(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.61468/jofdl.v26i1.505.

Girard, T., Pinar, M., & Trapp, P. (2011). An exploratory study of class presentations and peer evaluations: Do students perceive the benefits. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 15(1), 77–93. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/tulay-girard/publication/303383465.

Güneş, S. (2021). Learner Autonomy in an Asynchronous Distance Education Environment Implemented through Frequent Instructor-Involvement. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Special Is(September), 70–79. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED618699.

Gürbüz, C., & Cabaroğlu, N. (2021). EFL students’ perceptions of oral presentations: Implications for motivation, language ability and speech anxiety. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.41.

Hafeez, M., Kazmi, Q. A., Tahira, F., Hussain, M. Z., Ahmad, S., Yasmeen, A., Iqbal, J., & Saqi, M. I. (2020). Impact of school enrolment size on student’s achievements. Indonesian Journal of Basic Education, 3(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.37728/ijobe.v3i1.302.

Hafeez, Muhammad, Naureen, S., & Sultan, S. (2022). Quality Indicators and Models for Online Learning Quality Assurance in Higher Education. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(4), 374–385. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.4.2553.

Hamann, K., Glazier, R. A., Wilson, B. M., & Pollock, P. H. (2020). Online teaching, student success, and retention in political science courses. European Political Science, 20(3), 427–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41304-020-00282-x.

Harris, H. S., & Martin, E. W. (2012). Student motivations for choosing online classes. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060211.

Heron, M. (2019). Making the case for oracy skills in higher education: practices and opportunities. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 16(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.16.2.2.

Hizriani, N., Nor, H., & Saadillah, S. (2022). The Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning At English Department of Universities in South Kalimantan: Practices and Challenges. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(3), 1045–1056. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i3.6675.

Hrastinski, S. (2008). Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning. Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 51–55. http://elearning.fit.hcmup.edu.vn/~longld/References for TeachingMethod&EduTechnology - Tai lieu PPDH & Cong Nghe Day Hoc/(Book) - Sach tham khao - eLearning/e-Learning Concepts/Asynchronous & Synchronous e-Learning (Hrastinski-2008).pdf.

Işikgöz, M. E. (2021). An Analysis of the Intention of Students Studying at Physical Education and Sports School to Use Synchronous Virtual Classroom Environments During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 20(4), 16–22. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1313466.

Joughin, G. (2007). Student conceptions of oral presentations. Studies in Higher Education, 32(3), 323–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075070701346873.

Kayalar, M. T. (2021). Perspectives of University Students on the Efficiency of Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Special Issue, 1–18. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1308493.

Khairiah, K., Mubaraq, Z., Asmendri, A., Hendriani, S., Musa, D. T., & Sihombing, A. A. (2022). Delegitimization of leadership in overcoming difficulties in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 14(3), 726–739. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v14i3.7209.

Konchiab, S., & Munpanya, P. (2021). Investigating Thai EFL Undergraduates’ Oral Presentation Performances and Experiences, Using Teacher and Student Self-Assessments. THAITESOL Journal, 34(1), 96–117. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1304645.

Korkmaz, S. (2022). To What Extent Are Preparatory School Students Ready for Online Learning? Kuramsal Eğitimbilim, 15(2), 239–263. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.991017.

Liang, H.-Y., & Kelsen, B. (2018). Influence of Personality and Motivation on Oral Presentation Performance. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 47, 755–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9551-6.

Liu, J. C., & Alexander, R. (2017). Factors affecting faculty use of video conferencing in teaching: A mixed-method study. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 10(2), 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1002.03.

Lowenthal, P. R. (2021). Video feedback: Is it worth the effort? A response to Borup et al. Educational Technology Research and Development, 63, 161–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09872-4.

Lowenthal, Patrick R., West, R. E., Archambault, L., Borup, J., & Belt, E. S. (2021). Faculty perceptions of using synchronous video-based communication technology. Online Learning Journal, 25(4), 49–78. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i4.2890.

Maghdalena, A. H., Faridi, A., & Hartono, R. (2022). the Effectiveness of Synchronous and Asynchronous E-Learning Environment To Teach Writing for. English Education Journal, 12(3), 2022. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v12i3.57801.

Magon, J. K., & Shore, B. M. (2022). Asynchronous Posting and Reading both Reflect Communities of Inquiry. International Journal for Talent Development and Creativity, 10(1), 267–303. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/ijtdc/2022-v10-n1-2-ijtdc08046/1099958ar/abstract/.

Mailasari, D. U. (2018). Journal of English Teaching and Learning. Journal of English Teaching and Learning, 1(J. English Teach. Learn.), 90–110. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v8i1.3293.

Majewska, I., & Zvobgo, V. (2023). Students’ Satisfaction with Quality of Synchronous Online Learning Under the COVID 19 Pandemic: Perceptions from Liberal Arts and Science Undergraduates. Online Learning Journal, 27(1), 313–335. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i1.3201.

Mallillin, L. L., Mendoza, L. C., Mallillin, J. B., Felix, R. C., & Lipayon, I. C. (2020). Implementation and readiness of online learning pedagogy: A transition to covid-19 pandemic. European Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 5(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejoe.v5i2.3321.

Mandasari, B., Rido, A., & Kuswoyo, H. (2022). Using Zoom Meeting Platform As a Synchronous Online Learning Tool in Efl Classroom At Indonesia Tertiary Level: a Literature Review. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age, CELDA 2022, Celda, 291–294. https://doi.org/10.33965/celda2022_202207c037.

McBrien, J. L., Cheng, R., & Jones, P. (2009). Virtual spaces: Employing a synchronous online classroom to facilitate students engagement in online learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i3.605.

McDaniels, M., Pfund, C., & Barnicle, K. (2016). Creating dynamic learning communities in synchronous online courses: One approach from the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (CIRTL). Online Learning, 20(1), 110–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v20i1.518.

McLaren, I. (2019). Science Students’ Responses to an Oral Communication Skills Development Initiative: Attitude and Motivation. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(1), 73–85. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1206982.

Mehrpour, S., Hoomanfard, M. H., & Vazin, E. (2023). Peer Feedback Accuracy in Synchronous and Asynchronous Computer-mediated Conditions in an EFL Context. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 11(1), 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd.18.1.03.

Murugaiah, P. (2016). Pecha Kucha style powerpoint presentation: An innovative call approach to developing oral presentation skills of tertiary students. Teaching English with Technology, 16(1), 88–104. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=408457.

Nejad, A. M., & Mahfoodh, O. H. A. (2019). Assessment of oral presentations: Effectiveness of self-, peer-, and teacher assessments. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 615–632. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12337.

Perveen, A. (2016). Synchronous and asynchronous e-language learning: A case study of virtual University of Pakistan. Open Praxis, 8(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.1.212.

Pham, H. T. P. (2020). Computer-mediated and face-to-face peer feedback: Student feedback and revision in EFL writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 39(5), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1868530.

Pratiwi, J. A., Rosalina, N., Rodiah, N., Ervina, W., & Info, A. (2021). The Performances of Synchronous and Asynchronous Method in Teaching and Learning English. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 1(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v1i1.53.

Prior, D. D., Mazanov, J., Meacheam, D., Heaslip, G., & Hanson, J. (2016). Attitude, digital literacy and self-efficacy: Flow-on effects for online learning behavior. Internet and Higher Education, 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.01.001), 91–97.

Redmond, P. (2011). From face-to-face to online teaching: Pedagogical transitions. In G. Williams, P. Slatham, N. Brown, & B. Cleland (Eds.), Changing demands, changing directions. Proceedings Ascilite Hobart 2011 (pp. 1050–1060). https://www.ascilite.org/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Redmond-full.pdf.

Robillos, R. J. (2022). Impact of LoiLooNote Digital Mapping on University Students’ Oral Presentation Skills and Critical Thinking Dispositions. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15228a.

Salem, A. A. M. S. (2019). A Sage on a Stage, to Express and Impress: TED Talks for Improving Oral Presentation Skills, Vocabulary Retention and Its Impact on Reducing Speaking Anxiety in ESP Settings. English Language Teaching, 12(6), 146. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n6p146.

Shang, H. F. (2017). An exploration of asynchronous and synchronous feedback modes in EFL writing. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 29(3), 496–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-017-9154-0.

Subon, F., & Tarmim, S. S. M. (2021). The code-switching phenomenon during oral presentations among the business programme students. IAFOR Journal of Education, 9(5), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.9.5.05.

Sukiman. (2022). Implementing Synchronous Online Flipped Learning for Pre-service Teachers During COVID-19. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(3), 1245–1257. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.65.

Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Online education and its effective practice: A research review. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15(2016), 157–190. https://doi.org/10.28945/3502.

Tang, H. H. H., Dang, B. Y., Raby, R. L., & Yeung, J. W. (2021). Sustaining Liberal Education by Online Learning in the Era of Global Crises: The Case of Community Colleges in COVID-19 Hong Kong. In Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education during COVID-19 (pp. 181–198). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003125921-17.

Van Wig, A., Yang, S., Bollinger, C. B., Chen, X., Karkar-Esperat, T., Pole, K., & Wilson, N. (2022). “Simplicity is Key”: Literacy Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning. Online Learning Journal, 26(1), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i1.2607.

Viriya, C. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Bichronous Online Learning Modes on EFL Students’ Self-Regulated and Perceived English Language Learning. REFLections, 29(1), 88–111. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1348726.

Waluyo, B. (2019). Task-Based Language Teaching and Theme-Based Role-Play: Developing EFL Learners’ Communicative Competence. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 16(1), 153–168. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Budi-Waluyo/publication/334130294.

Waluyo, B., & Rofiah, N. L. (2021). Developing students’ english oral presentation skills: Do self-confidence, teacher feedback, and english proficiency matter? Mextesol Journal, 45(3), 1–17. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1310949.

Wang, C. X., Houdyshell, M., & Plescia, M. (2022). Synchronous Communication Technology for Remote Academic Advising at a State University. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 12(1), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2022.12.1.09.

Watanapokakul, S. (2022). Blended Online Learning: Perceptions and Experiences of EFL University Students and Teachers. REFLections, 29(1), 60–87. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1348571.

Watts, L. (2016). Synchronous and asynchronous communication in distance learning: A review of the literature. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 17(1), 23–32. https://search.proquest.com/openview/f83c30d3f7e7d1cd69754d1fa52eaff5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=29705.

Yin, H., & Shi, L. (2022). Which Type of Interpersonal Interaction Better Facilitates College Student Learning and Development in China: Face-to-Face or Online? ECNU Review of Education, 5(1), 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20965311211010818.

Diterbitkan

2024-04-04

Cara Mengutip

Indriyani, V., Jasmienti, & Fendi, H. (2024). Asynchronous vs Synchronous: Effects of Online Learning on Students’ Oral Presentation Skills. Journal of Education Technology, 8(1), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v8i1.67113

Terbitan

Bagian

Articles