Gamification of 2D and 3D Animation Subjects to Improve Learning Outcomes

Hari Sugiharto Setyaedhi

doi:10.23887/jet.v7i3.67288

Penulis

Hari Sugiharto Setyaedhi Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v7i3.67288

Kata Kunci:

Feasibility, Effectiveness, Gamification, Animation, Learning Outcomes

Abstrak

2D and 3D animation is considered by most teachers as a skills-only subject, requiring no theory. It makes students less interested in learning, causing a decrease in learning outcomes. This research aims to develop gamification in 2D and 3D animation subjects to improve student learning outcomes. This research is research into developing the Lee Owens Model to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of gamification. To test feasibility, expert validation was used, while to test effectiveness, the t-test was obtained from the average value of pre-test and post-test trials. This research involved a sample of 60 people. Data collection uses pre-test and post-test, observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The feasibility of developing gamification was declared valid, with the results of material validation being feasible (77%). Second, the results of the validation of learning media are very good (89%). Third, the learning design validation results are very feasible (88%). Fourth, the results of individual trials are feasible (78%), e) the results of small group trials are very feasible (98%), and field trials are very feasible (89%). The t-test results showed a significant (absolute) difference between the mean post-test learning outcomes for the experimental and control classes. It is concluded that gamification has feasibility and effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes.

Referensi

Ab. Rahman, R., Ahmad, S., & Hashim, U.R. (2018). The effectiveness of gamification techniques for higher education students engagement in polytechnic Muadzam Shah Pahang, Malaysia. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0123-0.

Aisyah Mustikasari, Yusuf, M., & Rejekiningsih, T. (2023). Gamification Based on Android to Improve Comprehension Civics for Deaf Students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i1.58383.

Alexandro, R., Hariatama, F., & Wulandari, M. (2022). Improving the Learning Quality of Economic Education Students through Electronic Learning (E-Learning). Scientific Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v6i1.43695.

Alsawaier, R. S. (2018). The effect of Gamification on Motivation and Engagement. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(1), 56–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-02-2017-0009.

Andriana, Y., & Setyaedhi, HS (2023). Development of Gamification-Based Interactive Multimedia to improve Student Learning Outcomes at SMK Negeri 1 Surabaya. Journal of Educational Technology Students, 13(1).

Ariessanti, HD, Purwaningtyas, DA, Soeparno, H., & Napitupulu, TA (2020). Adaptation of Gamification Strategy in the Online Snakes and Ladders Game as a Covid-19 Education Media. e-Jurnal JUSITI (Journal of Information Systems and Information Technology), 9(2), 174–187. https://doi.org/10.36774/jusiti.v9i2.772.

Arisa, N., Johansyah, & Ali Hanif, MK (2020). The Effectiveness of the Novick Learning Model on Students' Understanding of Physics Concepts at SMK Negeri 17 Samarinda on Elasticity and Hooke's Law. Journal of Physics Education Literacy, 1(01), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.30872/jlpf.v1i01.77.

Arsanti, M. (2018). Development of Teaching Materials for Creative Writing Courses Containing Religious Character Education Values for Students of Pbsi, Fkip, Unissula Study Programs. CREDO: Scientific Journal of Language and Literature, 1(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v1i2.2107.

Benitez, J., Ruiz, L., & Popovic, A. (2022). Impact of mobile technology-enabled HR gamification on employee performance: An empirical investigation. Information & Management, 59(4), 0–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103647.

Bicen, H., & Kocakoyun, S. (2018). Perceptions of Students for Gamification Approach: Kahoot as a Case Study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(2), 72–93. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i02.7467.

Boham, IS, Sentinuwo, S., & Sambul, A. (2017). Design and Build a Game Application Introduction to the History of the Tondano War. Journal of Informatics Engineering, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.35793/jti.11.1.2017.16919.

Chandross, D., Decourcy, E., St, D., & College, L. (2018). Serious Games In Online Learning. International Journal on Innovations in Online Education, 2(3). https://doi.org/0.1615/IntJInnovOnlineEdu.2019029871.

Dehghanzadeh, H., Fardanesh, H., Hatami, J., Talaee, E., & Noroozi, O. (2021). Using Gamification to Support Learning English as a Second Language: a Systematic Review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 34(7), 934–957. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1648298.

Dwi, IK, Ardana, C., Agung, A., Agung, G., & Simamora, H. (2021). Increasing Students' Enthusiasm for Learning Through Interactive Multimedia in Science Subjects. Undiksha Edutech Journal, 8(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v9i1.32523.

Dwiqi, GCS, Sudatha, IGW, & Sukmana, AIWIY (2020). Development of Interactive Multimedia Learning for Science Subjects for Class V Elementary School Students. Undiksha Edutech Journal, 8(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v8i2.28934.

Ernawati, I. (2017). Feasibility Test for Interactive Learning Media in Server Administration Subjects. Elinvo Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v2i2.17315.

Fabricio De, CI (2018). Using gamification in education: A systematic literature review. International Conference on Information Systems 2018, ICIS 2018, December 2018.

Fijačko, N., Gosak, L., Debeljak, N., Skok, P., Štiglic, G., & Cilar, L. (2020). Gamification in Nursing: a Literature Review. Obzornik Zdravstvene Nege, 54(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2020.54.2.2991.

Fitria, TN (2023). The impact of gamification on students' motivation: A Systematic Literature Review. LingTera, 9(2), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.21831/lt.v9i2.56616.

Gae, NA, Ganing, NN, & Kristiantari, MG (2021). Development of Reading Comprehension Oriented Animation Video Media with Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) Strategy in Indonesian Language Content. Journal of Educational Research & Development, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v5i1.32453.

Hendriyati Haryani, Wahid, SM, Fitriani, A., & Ariq, M. Faris. (2023). Analysis of Opportunities for Applying Blockchain Technology and Gamification in Education. MENTARI Journal: Management, Education and Information Technology, 1(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.34306/mentari.v1i2.250.

Hikmalia, W., Cangara, H., & Wahid, U. (2022). Visualization of Intellectual Structure and Development of Animation Research: Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Communication Domains, 6(1), 30–41.

Ho, L. H., Sun, H., & Tsai, T. H. (2019). Research on 3D painting in virtual reality to improve students' motivation of 3D animation learning. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061605.

Hutson, J., Fulcher, B., & Weber, J. (2022). Gamification in Education: A Study of Design-Based Learning in Operationalizing a Game Studio for Serious Games. Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, 14(04), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.4236/jilsa.2022.144010.

Inangil, D., Dincer, B., & Kabuk, A. (2022). Effectiveness of the Use of Animation and Gamification in Online Distance Education During the Pandemic. Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN, 40(5), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000902.

Kalogiannakis, M., Papadakis, S., & Zourmpakis, A.I. (2021). Gamification in Science Education. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Education Sciences, 11(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010022.

Kam, AHT, & Umar, IN (2018). Fostering Authentic Learning Motivations Through Gamification: A Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Approach. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13(Special Issue), 1–9.

Khoridah, F., Prasetiyawati, D., & Baedowi, S. (2019). Analysis of the Application of the SAS (Synthetic Structural Analytical) Method in Beginning Writing Ability. Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 2(3), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v2i3.19899.

Khusniyah, TW (2020). Effectiveness of E-Learning on Student Learning Outcomes in Basic Social Sciences Concepts Courses. Educational Articles, 4(3), 207–214.

Kiliç, I. (2022). The effect of educational game activities applied on the academic achievement of secondary students in science education. African Educational Research Journal, 10(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.103.22.038.

Krisbiantoro, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Gamification to Enhance Students' Mastery on Tenses Viewed from Students Creativity. Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 1(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.30659/jamr.1.2.73-97.

Lam, P., & Tse, A. (2022). Gamification in Everyday Classrooms: Observations From Schools in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Education, 6(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.630666.

Lee, W. W., & Owens, D. L. (2004). Multimedia-Based Instructional Design: Computer-Based Training, Web-Based Training, and Distance Learning. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 5(2), 359.

Lestari, I. (2018). Developing Wordless Picture Book to Improve the Storytelling Ability of 5 to 6 Year Old Children. Educational Horizons, 37(1), 30–41.

Liu, K., & Sun, X. Q. (2020). Research on the Development and Innovation of Animation Industry in Jilin Province in the Internet Big Data Era Research on the Development and Innovation of Animation Industry in Jilin Province in the Internet Big Data Era. International Conference on New Energy and Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/619/1/012073.

Marisa, Tubagus Mohammad Akhiriza, Anastasia Lidya Maukar, Arie Restu Wardhani, Syahroni Wahyu Iriananda, & Mardiana Andarwati. (2022). Gamification (Gamification) Concept and Application. In Journal Of Information Technology And Computer Science (Vol 7, Number 1).

Maritsa, A., Hanifah Salsabila, U., Wafiq, M., Rahma Anindya, P., & Azhar Ma'shum, M. (2021). The Influence of Technology in the World of Education. Al-Mutharahah: Journal of Social Religious Research and Studies, 18(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-mutharahah.v18i2.303.

Morschheuser, B., Gmbh, R.B., Werder, K., & Abe, J. (2019). How to Gamify? A Method for Designing Gamification. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)., January, 1298–1307. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2017.155.

Muazzomi, N., & Sofyan, H. (2021). Development of Entrepreneurship-Based APE Development Teaching Materials for Undergraduate PG-PAUD FKIP Jambi University. Journal of Socio Humanities Science, 5(2), 742–749. https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v5i2.15780.

Muchta, A. (2019). Observation Data Collection Techniques: Definition, Methods and Examples.

Ningsih, E. (2021). The influence of the CTL Learning Model using Gamification teaching materials on the ability to understand Mathematical concepts in terms of cognitive style.

Nisa, HA, Mujib, M., & Putra, RWY (2020). Effectiveness of Gamification-Based E-Module with Flip Pdf Professional for Middle School Students. Rafflesia Journal of Mathematics Education, 5(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.33449/jpmr.v5i2.11406.

Noviana, D., Nisa', TF, & Karim, MB (2019). PAUD Teachers' Level of Knowledge about the 2013 Curriculum. Trunojoyo PG-PAUD Journal: Journal of Early Childhood Education and Learning, 6(2), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.21107/pgpaudtrunojoyo.v6i2.6153.

Nurrita, T. (2018). Development of Learning Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes. MISYKAT: Journal of Al-Quran, Hadith, Sharia and Tarbiyah Sciences, 3(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v3n1.171

Nurtanto, M., Kholifah, N., Ahdhianto, E., Samsudin, A., & Isnantyo, FD (2021). A Review of Gamification Impact on Student Behavioral and Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(21), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i21.24381.

Oliveira, W., Hamari, J., Shi, L., Toda, A.M., Rodrigues, L., Palomino, P.T., & Isotani, S. (2023). Tailored Gamification in Education: A literature Review and Future Agenda. In Education and Information Technologies (Vol 28, Number 1). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11122-4.

Öztürk, Ç., & Korkmaz, Ö. (2019). The Effect of Gamification Activities on Students' Academic Achievements in Social Studies Course, Attitudes Towards the Course and Cooperative Learning Skills. Participatory Educational Research, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.20.1.7.1.

Pandey, DS, Chopra, DK, & Alumnus, BB (2019). Use of Technology and Gamification in Learning Viz a Viz Traditional methods. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(2), 3259–3264. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b6860.129219.

Pangestu, Purwadi, & Agustini, F. (2019). Development of Parajo Media (Joglo Traditional House Picture Puzzle) Based on the Number Head Together Model in Mathematics Learning. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 3(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v3i2.17389.

Parra-González, M.E., & Segura-Robles, A. (2019). Scientific production about gamification in education: A Scientometric analysis. In Revista de Educación (Vol 2019, Number 386). https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2019-386-429.

Permata, CAM, & Kristanto, YD (2020). Gamification-Based Mathematics Learning Design to Increase Student Interest in Learning. JNPM (National Journal of Mathematics Education), 4(2), 279. https://doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v4i2.3877.

Pramana, MWA, Jampel, IN, & Pudjawan, K. (2020). Improving Biology Learning Outcomes Through Problem Based Learning E-Modules. Undiksha Edutech Journal, 8(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v8i2.28921.

Rahman, D., Suyasa, PWA, & Wahyuni, DS (2021). Development of E-Learning Learning Media with the Edmodo-Based Flipped Classroom Learning Model in Informatics Subjects. Collection of Articles from Informatics Engineering Education Students (KARMAPATI), 10(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.23887/karmapati.v10i1.31092.

Raitskaya, L., & Tikhonova, E. (2019). Gamification as a Field Landmark in Educational Research. Journal of Language and Education, 5(3), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.10688.

Raja, R., & Nagasubramani, P.C. (2018). Impact of modern technology in education. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 3(S1), 33. https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3is1.165.

Redy, K., & Ariningsih, KA (2020). Student Perceptions of the Application of Gamification in Learning. Journal of Technology and Vocational Education, 17(2), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.23887/jptk-undiksha.v17i2.26010.

Rihatno, T., Safitri, D., Nuraini, S., Marini, A., Ferdi Fauzan Putra, ZE, & Wahyudi, A. (2020). The development of character education model using stop motion animation for elementary school students in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(8 Special Issue), 103–109.

Rincon-Flores, E.G., Mena, J., & López-Camacho, E. (2022). Gamification as a Teaching Method to Improve Performance and Motivation in Tertiary Education during COVID-19: A Research Study from Mexico. Education Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010049.

Rorita, M., Ulfa, S., & Wedi, A. (2018). Development of Interactive Multimedia Based on Mobile Learning Topics on the Development of Atomic Theory in Class X Chemistry Subjects at Panjura High School, Malang. JINOTEP (Journal of Learning Innovation and Technology) Studies and Research in Learning Technology, 4(2), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v4i22018p070.

Sani, HI (2021). Use of Nussa and Rara Animation Video Media in Learning to Write Persuasive Texts for Class VIII B Students of Mts Islamiyah Ciputat for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id, 1–120.

Saputra, DI, Manongga, D., & Hendry. (2021). , “Animation as a Creative Industry: State of the Art,”. IEEE 5th International Conference on Information Technology, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE53823.2021.9655839.

Senthil Kumaran V, Nithiya Shri M, & Harini A. (2023). Review on Gamification in e-learning: Effects and Challenges. Journal of Education, 24(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.33830/jp.v24i1.3673.2023.

Setiyaningsih, G., Prasetyo, MAW, & Hidayah, DU (2019). Implementation of Learning Media Applications at SMP N 1 Nusawungu Based on Android Smartphones. MATRIX: Journal of Management, Information Engineering and Computer Engineering, 18(2), 246–256. https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v18i2.365.

Shuo, S. (2021). The Manifestation of Animation and the Reform of Animation Teaching in the Digital Media Era. Advances in Vocational and Technical Education, 3(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.23977/avte.2021.030218.

Siregar, S. (2017). Quantitative Research Method Equipped with a Comparison of Manual & SPSS Calculations. Kencana.

Smiderle, R., Rigo, S.J., Marques, L.B., Peçanha de Miranda Coelho, J.A., & Jaques, P.A. (2020). The Impact of Gamification on Students' Learning, Engagement and Behavior Based on Their Personality Traits. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0098-x.

Staller, M. S., & Koerner, S. (2021). Beyond Classical Definition: The Non-definition of Gamification. SN Computer Science, 2(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00472-4.

Suarsih, A., Arnyana, IBP, & Ardana, M. (2020). Development of Instruments for Mathematics Learning Outcomes and Learning Anxiety for Class IV Cluster III Abiansemal Students for the 2019 / 2020 Academic Year. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpepi.v10i1.3509.

Sugiyono. (2017). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Alphabet.

Surjono, HD (2017). Interactive Learning Multimedia: Concept and Development. UNY Press.

Teplá, M., Teplý, P., & Šmejkal, P. (2022). Influence of 3D Models and Animations on Students in Natural Subjects. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00382-8.

Tinedi, V., Yohandri, Y., & Djamas, D. (2018). How Games are Designed to Increase Students' Motivation in Learning Physics? A Literature Review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 335(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/335/1/012065.

Toda, AM, Palomino, PT, Oliveira, W., Rodrigues, L., Klock, ACT, Gasparini, I., Cristea, AI, & Isotani, S. (2019). How to Gamify Learning Systems? An Experience Report Using the Design Sprint Method and a Taxonomy for Gamification Elements in Education. Educational Technology and Society, 22(3), 47–60.

Unsworth, L. (2020). A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Animation Design and Use in Science Education. Science Education and Technology, 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56047-8_1.

Vartiainen, H., Tedre, M., & Valtonen, T. (2020). Learning machine learning with very young children: Who is teaching whom? International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2020.100182.

Wardana, S., & Sagoro, E.M. (2019). Implementation of Gamification Assisted by Kahoot Media to Increase Learning Activities, Learning Motivation, and Learning Outcomes. Journal of Adjustment for Class Indonesian Journal of Accounting Education, 17(2), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpai.v17i2.28693.

Wardani, DA, & Susilowibowo, J. (2021). Development of Flipbook-Based Electronic Teaching Materials to Support the Implementation of Scientific Approach Learning in Online Learning in Class XI Supply Materials at Yapalis Krian Vocational School. Journal of Economic Education: Scientific Journal of Education, Economics and Social Sciences, 15(2), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.19184/jpe.v15i2.26410.

Wijaya, R., Widiyanti, W., & Nurhadi, D. (2021). Explanatory Study of Gamification Methods Based on Experiential Learning at the Young Entrepreneur Academy. Journal of Education: Theory, Research, and Development, 6(7), 1108. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v6i7.14933.

Wijayanti, H., Degeng, INS, & Sitompul, NC (2021). Development of E-Learning Based Teaching Materials in Elementary School Thematic Learning. Journal of Educational Technology Studies, 6(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.17977/um039v6i12021p026.

Wikayanto, A., Grahita, B., & Darmawan, R. (2019). Local Cultural Elements in Indonesian Animation Works for the 2014-2018 Period. Record, 15(2), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v15i2.3003.

Wingga Pratami, Ngurah Ayu, & Henry Januar Saputra. (2019). The Influence of the Educational Game Media "Knowledge Puzzles" on Students' Interest in Learning in Class 5 Science Subjects at SDN 03 Protomulyo. Journal of the Teaching Profession, 5(1), 15–22.

Yaniaja, AK, Wahyudrajat, H., & Devana, VT (2021). Introduction of Gamification Models into E-Learning in Higher Education. ADI Community Service, 1(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.34306/adimas.v1i1.235.

Yurissa, PN, Kamadi, L., & Haeruddin, S. (2022). Gamification Learning framework for Improving Students' Learning Motivation. Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 1(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v1i2.285.