E-Book Berbasis Problem Based Learning Materi Bangun Ruang Muatan Matematika Kelas VI SD

I Dewa Ayu Made Parimita Dewi; Gede Wira Bayu

doi:10.23887/jeu.v10i2.48606

Authors

I Dewa Ayu Made Parimita Dewi Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
Gede Wira Bayu Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v10i2.48606

Keywords:

E-book, PBL, Matematika

Abstract

Banyak sekali kekurangan yang terjadi ketika kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring. Kendala dalam pembelajaran seperti kegiatan pembelajaran hanya terbatas menggunakan aplikasi WhatsApp Group dan Google Meet yang membuat siswa bosan dalam belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan E-book berbasis PBL pada materi bangun ruang muatan matematika kelas IV sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yaitu pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 1 ahli media pembelajaran, 1 ahli desain pembelajaran, dan 1 ahli materi. Subjek uji coba yaitu 1 guru dan siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Metode yang digunakan mengumpulkan data yaitu kuesioner, observasi, wawancara, pencatatan dokumen, dan tes. Instrument yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, deskriptif kuanlitatitif, statistik deskriptif dan, statistik inferensial (uji-t). Hasil penelitian yaitu penilaian dari ahli isi pembelajaran yaitu 93,75 (sangat baik), ahli desain pembelajaran yaitu 98,21% (sangat baik), ahli media pembelajaran yaitu 92,31% (sangat baik). Hasil uji perorangan dari siswa yaitu 98,3% (sangat baik). Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil 99,4% (sangat baik). Hasil uji coba lapangan mendapatkan persentase 97,5% (sangat baik). Hasil uji efektifitas yaitu pengujian efektifitas direksional bernilai 1,729 sehingga didapat thitung > ttabel. Disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan e-book berbasis PBL materi bangun ruang muatan matematika efektif diterapkan pada pembelajaran matematika di kelas VI sekolah dasar.

References

Afriyanti, M., Suyatna, A., & Viyanti. (2021). Design of e-modules to stimulate HOTS on static fluid materials with the STEM approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1788(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1788/1/012032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1788/1/012032

Aiman, U., & Ahmad, R. A. R. (2020). Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) terhadap literasi sains siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Flobamorata, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.51494/jpdf.v1i1.195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51494/jpdf.v1i1.195

AlAjmi, M. K. (2022). The impact of digital leadership on teachers’ technology integration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait. International Journal of Educational Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101928

Ali, W. (2020). Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in light of COVID-19 Pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16

Andel, S. A., de Vreede, T., Spector, P. E., Padmanabhan, B., Singh, V. K., & Vreede, G. J. de. (2020). Do social features help in video-centric online learning platforms? A social presence perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 113(April), 106505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106505

Arifah, B. (2017). Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Dengan Pendekatan Scientific Berbasis E-Book Pada Materi Rangkaian Induktor Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. JUPITER (Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro), 2. https://doi.org/10.25273/jupiter.v2i2.1795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25273/jupiter.v2i2.1795

Ariyani, B., & Kristin, F. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa SD. Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 5(3), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.23887/JIPP.V5I3.36230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v5i3.36230

Arizona, K., Abidin, Z., & Rumansyah, R. (2020). Pembelajaran Online Berbasis Proyek Salah Satu Solusi Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i1.111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i1.111

Asmuni, A. (2020). Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dan Solusi Pemecahannya. Jurnal Paedagogy, 7(4), 281. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v7i4.2941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v7i4.2941

Asrial, A., Syahrial, S., Maison, M., Kurniawan, D. A., & Piyana, S. O. (2020). Ethnoconstructivism E-Module To Improve Perception, Interest, and Motivation of Students in Class V Elementary School. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i1.19222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i1.19222

Asriani, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Akbar, S. (2017). Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter Untuk Siswa KElas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 2(11), 1456–1468. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v2i11.10160.

Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Del Rosario, L. S. (2021). Students’ online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x

Block, B., & Kühn, R. (2017). E-Book-Metadaten Pool und E-Book-Management Tool – ein Kooperationsprojekt von BSZ und VZG. Bibliotheksdienst, 51(8), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1515/bd-2017-0072. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bd-2017-0072

Bosica, J., Pyper, J. S., & MacGregor, S. (2021). Incorporating problem-based learning in a secondary school mathematics preservice teacher education course. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103335

Cahyadi, R. A. H. (2019). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Addie Model. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal, 3(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v3i1.2124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v3i1.2124

Chao, J. Y., Tzeng, P. W., & Po, H. Y. (2017). The study of problem solving process of e-book PBL course of atayal senior high school students in Taiwan. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(3), 1001–1012. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00654a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00654a

Darmaji, D., Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, A., Winda, F. R., Heldalia, H., & Kartina, L. (2020). The Correlation Between Student Perceptions of the Use of E-Modules with Students’ Basic Science Process Skills. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 9(4), 719–729. https://doi.org/10.23887/JPI-UNDIKSHA.V9I4.28310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i4.28310

Degeng, S., I. N., S., Rinanityas, E. P., Prihatin, Priawasana, Mais, A., & Usman, U. (2021). The Effect of PBL-based STEAM Approach on The Cognitive and Affective Learning Outcomesof Primary School. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5521

Demirel, M., & Dağyar, M. (2016). Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Attitude: A Meta-analysis Study. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(8), 2115–2137. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1293a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1293a

Estuwardani, N. A., & Mustadi, A. (2016). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Modul Tematik-Integratif Dalam Peningkatan Karakter Peserta Didik Kelas I Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 0(2), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v0i2.8620.

Faisal, E. El, & Sulkipani, S. (2016). Pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis muatan lokal pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 13(2), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.21831/civics.v13i2.12721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/civics.v13i2.12721

Fathoni, M. I., & Marpanaji, E. (2018). Pengembangan e-book interaktif mata pelajaran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) untuk SMK kelas X. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 5(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v5i1.17149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v5i1.17149

Fikri, M., Ananda, M. Z., & Faizah, N. (2021). Kendala Dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 : Sebuah Kajian Kritis. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(1), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v9i1.2290.

Gustiawati, R., Arief, D., & Zikri, A. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Permulaan dengan Menggunakan Cerita Fabel pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(2), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.339

Hamid, R., Sentryo, I., & Hasan, S. (2020). Online learning and its problems in the Covid-19emergency period. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 8(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v8i1.32165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v8i1.32165

Handayani, D., Elvinawati, E., Isnaeni, I., & Alperi, M. (2021a). Development Of Guided Discovery Based Electronic Module For Chemical Lessons In Redox Reaction Materials. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 15(07), 94. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21559.

Handayani, D., Elvinawati, Isnaeni, & Alperi, M. (2021b). Development Of Guided Discovery Based Electronic Module For Chemical Lessons In Redox Reaction Materials. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(7), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i07.21559

Haryani, S., Prasetya, A. T., & Bahron, H. (2017). Building the character of pre-service teachers through the learning model of problem-based analytical chemistry lab work. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(2), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.10688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.10688

Holland, E. P. (2019). Making Sense of Module Feedback: Accounting for Individual Behaviours in Student Evaluations of Teaching. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(6), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1556777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1556777

Hotimah, H. (2020). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bercerita Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Edukasi, 7(3), 5. https://doi.org/10.19184/jukasi.v7i3.21599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/jukasi.v7i3.21599

Hutauruk, A., & Sidabutar, R. (2020). Kendala pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi di kalangan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika: Kajian kualiatatif deskriptif. Journal of Mathematics Education and Applied, 02(01), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v2i1.364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v2i1.364

Ibrahim, H., & Alqahtani, A. S. H. (2018). The impact of adopting Web 2.0-based E-Book on student learning skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(6), 2509–2522. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/90085. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/90085

Ilmi, R., Arnawa, I. M., Yerizon, & Bakar, N. N. (2021). Development of an Android-Based for Math E-Module by using Adobe Flash Professional CS6 for Grade X Students of Senior High School. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1742(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1742/1/012026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1742/1/012026

Istuningsih, W., Baedhowi, B., & Sangka, K. B. (2018). The effectiveness of scientific approach using e-module based on learning cycle 7e to improve students’ learning outcome. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.449313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.449313

Jogezai, N. A., Baloch, F. A., Jaffar, M., Shah, T., Khilji, G. K., & Bashir, S. (2021). Teachers’ attitudes towards social media (SM) use in online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of SM use by teachers and religious scholars during physical distancing. Heliyon, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06781

Kardoyo, Nurkhin, A., Muhsin, & Pramusinto, H. (2020). Problem-based learning strategy: Its impact on students’ critical and creative thinking skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1141–1150. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.9.3.1141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1141

Kimkong Heng, & Koemhong Sol. (2020). Online learning during COVID-19: Key challenges and suggestions to enhance effectiveness. Cambodian Education Forum (CEF), December, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248758

Koroh, T. R., & Ly, P. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa. Jurnal Kependidikan, 6(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v6i1.2445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v6i1.2445

Lestari, N. M. S. A., Desak, & Widiana, W. (2016). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) Dan Penilaian Proyek Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Mimbar PGSD Undiksha, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v4i2.7677.

Liao, S., Hong, J.-C., Wen, M.-H., Pan, Y.-C., & Wu, Y.-. (2018). Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore Users’ Behavioral Intention to Adopt a Performance Assessment System for E-book Production. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/93575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/93575

Liu, X., Kong, J., Jiang, M., & Li, S. (2021). Interactive information module for person re-identification. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2021.103033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2021.103033

Mansur, H., Jumadi, Mastur, Utama, A. H., & Prastitasari, H. (2021). The Problem of Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 20(4), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.04.19.

Maudiarti, S. (2018). Penerapan E-Learning Di Perguruan Tinggi. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 32(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.321.7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.321.7

Maulana, H. A. (2021). Psychological Impact of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study on Vocational Higher Education. Indonesian Journal of Learning Education and Counseling, 3(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.31960/ijolec.v3i2.833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31960/ijolec.v3i2.833

McNamara, J., Sweetman, S., Connors, P., Lofgren, I., & Greene, G. (2020). Using Interactive Nutrition Modules to Increase Critical Thinking Skills in College Courses. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.06.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.06.007

Muswita, Utomo, A. B., Yelianti, U., & Wicaksana, E. J. (2018). Pengembangan E-Book Berbasis Mobile Learning Pada Mata Kuliah Struktur Tumbuhan. Pendidikan Biologi, 11, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v11i2.23814.

Ningsih, S. Y., & Mahyuddin, N. (2021). Desain E-Module Tematik Berbasis Kesantunan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1217

Nisa, W. L., Ismet, I., & Andriani, N. (2020). Development of E-Modules Based on Multi-representations in Solid-State Physics Introductory Subject. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 8(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v8i1.7690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v8i1.7690

Nugraha, A. J., Suyitno, H., & Susilaningsih, E. (2017). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Ditinjau dari Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Motivasi Belajar melalui Model PBL. Journal of Primary Education. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpe.v6i1.14511.

Nurtanto, M., Fawaid, M., & Sofyan, H. (2020). Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Industry 4.0: Improving Learning Quality through Character-Based Literacy Learning and Life Career Skill (LL-LCS). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1573(1), 0–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1573/1/012006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1573/1/012006

Patria, S. F. D., & Heswari, S. (2021). Development of ethnomathematic-based on mathematics e-module to improve students’ logical thinking skills. AIP Conference Proceedings 233. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043250

Patricia, A. (2020). College Students’ Use and Acceptance of Emergency Online Learning Due to COVID-19. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1(1), 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011

Perusso, A., & Baaken, T. (2020). Assessing the authenticity of cases, internships and problem-based learning as managerial learning experiences: Concepts, methods and lessons for practice. International Journal of Management Education, 18(3), 100425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100425

Pratono, A., Sumarti, S. S., & Wijayati, N. (2018). Contribution of Assisted Inquiry Model of E-Module to Students Science Process Skill. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 7(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.15294/jise.v7i1.20633.

Primasari, I. F. N. D., & Zulela. (2021). Kendala Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Secara Online Selama Masa Pandemik Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar. JIKAP PGSD: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kependidikan, 5(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.26858/jkp.v5i1.16820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/jkp.v5i1.16820

Primayanti, P. E., Suarjana, I. M., & Astawan, I. G. (2019). Pengaruh Model Pbl Bermuatan Kearifan Lokal terhadap Sikap Sosial dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematika Siswa Kelas V di Gugus V Kecamatan Sukasada. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 1(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v1i2.20417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v1i2.20417

Rahmatsyah, S. W., & Dwiningsih, K. (2021). Development of Interactive E-Module on The Periodic System Materials as an Online Learning Media. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(2), 255. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i2.582

Rasmawan, R. (2020). Development of multi-representation based electronic book on inter molecular forces (IMFs) concept for prospective chemistry teachers. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 747–762. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13446a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13446a

Rasmussen, E., Goddard, A. G., & Bayer, D. K. (2020). Use of electronic learning modules can improve medical trainee knowledge regarding anaphylaxis diagnosis and treatment. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 124(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.12.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.12.018

Ratnawati, Handayani, & Hadi. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran PBL Berbantu Question Card terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP. Edumatica: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v10i01.7683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v10i01.8796

Rozhana, K. M., & Harnanik, H. (2019). Lesson Study dengan Metode Discovery Learning dan Problem Based Instruction. Intelegensi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.33366/ilg.v1i2.1355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33366/ilg.v1i2.1355

Saputra, H., & Musafanah, Q. (2017). Pengembangan Media Koran Melalui Flipbook Berupa E-Book Pada Materi IPA. Elementary School Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v4i2.179.

Saputra, N., Hikmah, N., Yustitia, V., Saputra, M., Wahab, A., & Junaedi, J. (2021). Implementation of Online Learning Using Online Media, During the Covid 19 Pandemic. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 1802–1808. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1857

Setiyani, Putri, D. P., Ferdianto, F., & Fauji, S. H. (2020). Designing a Digital Teaching Module Based on Mathematical Communication in Relation and Function. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 226–236. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.7320.223-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.7320.223-236

Silva, A. B. Da, Bispo, A. C. K. de A., Rodriguez, D. G., & Vasquez, F. I. F. (2018). Problem-based learning: A proposal for structuring PBL and its implications for learning among students in an undergraduate management degree program. REGE Revista de Gestão, 25(2), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-03-2018-030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-03-2018-030

Sintema, E. J. (2020). Effect of COVID-19 on the performance of grade 12 students: Implications for STEM education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29333/EJMSTE/7893. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/7893

Skinner, V. J., Braunack-Mayer, A., & Winning, T. A. (2015). The purpose and value for students of PBL groups for learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 9(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1499

Suartama, I. K. (2016). Evaluasi dan Kriteria Kualitas Multimedia Pembelajaran. Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.

Sudarma, I. K., & Sukmana, A. I. W. I. Y. (2022). Improving Children’s Cognitive Ability Through Information Processing Theory-Based Digital Content. International Journal of Elementary Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v6i1.41464.

Tampubolon, T., Selani, Y, B, D., & Sembiring, E, B. (2020). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Macromedia Flash Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Fluida Statis Di Kelas X-MIA Semester II Man Binjai. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika, 8(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.24114/inpafi.v8i1.17598.

Tegeh, I. M., & Kirna, I. M. (2010). Model Penelitian Pengembangan Pendidikan. Singaraja: Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.

Thorndahl, K. L., & Stentoft, D. (2020). Thinking critically about critical thinking and prob-lem-based learning in higher education: A scoping review. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 14(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v14i1.28773. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v14i1.28773

Umarella, S., Rahmawati, A., & Susilowati, N. E. (2019). Interactive multimedia lectora inspire based on problem based learning: development in the optical equipment. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012011

Uygarer, R., & Uzunboylu, H. (2017). An investigation of the digital teaching book compared to traditional books in distance education of teacher education programs. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8), 5365–5377. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00830a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00830a

Waite, L. H., Smith, M. A., & McGiness, T. P. (2020). Impact of a problem-based learning elective on performance in non-problem-based learning required courses. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 12(12), 1470–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.07.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.07.015

Weriyanti, W., Firman, F., Taufina, T., Taufina, T., & Zikri, A. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Terpadu dengan Strategi Question Student Have di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(2), 476–483. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.374

Yonanda, D. A., Yuliati, A., & Saputra, Y. S. (2019). Development Problem-Based Comic Book as Learning Media for Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Ability in Primary School. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 6(3), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.17509/mimbar-sd.v6i3.22892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/mimbar-sd.v6i3.22892

Yulia. (2020). Online Learning to Prevent the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus in Indonesia. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v11i1.6068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v11i1.6068

Zarzour, H., Bendjaballah, S., & Harirche, H. (2020). Exploring the behavioral patterns of students learning with a Facebook-based e-book approach. Computers & Education, 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103957