The Mental Health State and Psychological Well-Being of School Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/bisma.v5i3.42015Keywords:
COVID-19, Movement Control Order, mental health, psychological well-being, school teachers, MalaysiaAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the level of mental health and psychological well-being of school teachers during the Movement Control Order (MCO) enforced throughout COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The study sample consisted of 274 male and female school teachers in Selangor state, Malaysia. This quantitative data was obtained using an online questionnaire developed via 'Google form' application, and was analyzed using SPSS software version 28.0. Perceived Stress Scale (COVID-19 PSS-10) English Version shows Alpha Cronbach's value of α = 0.719. The validity test of the instrument Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) English Version shows the alpha Cronbach's α = 0.86. The set of questionnaires was analyzed descriptively, independent sample t - test was also conducted. The study found that respondents have a moderate level of psychological well-being. There were no significant differences between the genders of teachers. The findings of the study are expected to help reduce the level of stress faced by teachers’ aims to preserve their psychological health in order to ensure the well-being of students and the continuity of the national education systemReferences
Abdul Aziz, A. R., Shafie, A. A. H., Mohd Soffian Lee, U. H., & Raja Ashaari, R. N. S. 2020. Strategies for the development of aspects of self-wellness for coping with academic stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(12), 16-30.
Akour, A., Ala'a, B., Barakat, M., Kanj, R., Fakhouri, H. N., Malkawi, A., & Musleh, G. 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and emergency distance teaching on the psychological status of university teachers: a cross-sectional study in Jordan. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103 (6), 2391.
Allen, R., Jerrim, J., & Sims, S. 2020. How did the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic affect teacher well-being. Center for Education Policy and Equalising Opportunities (CEPEO) Working Paper, (20-15), 20-15.
Anon. 2021. Pretty fast spreading through the air, know 5 symptoms of Covid-19 variant Delta. MStar, July 17.
Aperribai, L., Cortabarria, L., Aguirre, T., Verche, E., & Borges, A.. 2020. Teacher's physical activity and mental health during lockdown due to the COVID-2019 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2673.
Aziz, A. R. A., Shafie, A. A. H., Ali, Z., & Dzainal, N. D. S. 2020. The practice of religious values in coping with depression during a pandemic COVID-19. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(12), 31-44.
Aziz, A. R. A., Sukor, N. M., & Ab Razak, N. H. 2020. The Covid-19 outbreak: Management of mental health aspects during new norms. International Journal of Social Science Research, 2(4), 156-174.
Bakar, A. Y. A., & Ramli, S. 2020. Psychosocial support for healthcare frontliners during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54: 102272.
Baker, C. N., Peele, H., Daniels, M., Saybe, M., Whalen, K., Overstreet, S., & The New Orleans, TISLC. 2020. The experience of COVID-19 and its impact on teachers' mental health, coping, and teaching. School Psychology Review, 1-14.
Flores, M. A., & Swennen, A. 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 453-456.
Ibrahim, S. Z., Abd Razak, S. R., Mohamad, N., & Rosman, S. Z. 2021. Healthy lifestyle practices during pandemic Covid-19 meets the demands Of Maqasid Al-Syariah. Asian Journal of Civilizational Studies (AJOCS), 3(3), 1-15.
Ismail, R. N. H. R., Hussin, N. Y. C., & Bakar, A. Y. A. 2021. Depression, anxiety and stress level among low-income family during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(S1): 1-5.
Izzati, U. A., Budiani, M. S., Mulyana, O. P., & Puspitadewi, N. W. S. 2021. Description of psychological well-being in employees affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Psychology, 11(3), 315-325.
Jagatheswary, N. 2021. Suicide cases become a new threat. Sinar Harian, 19 July.
Karen, J., Talidong, B., & Cathy Mae, D. T. 2020. Philippine teachers' practices to deal with anxiety amid COVID-19, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(6-7), 573-579.
Kärner, T., Bottling, M., Friederichs, E., & Sembill, D. 2021. Between adaptation and resistance: A study on resilience competencies, stress, and well-being in German VET teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 2414.
Khotimah, N. 2020. Child well-being through Education in the family in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic with prevention and alternative treatment. In (Webinar) National Seminar on Education 2020 (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 098-105).
Matiz, A., Fabbro, F., Paschetto, A., Cantone, D., Paolone, A. R., & Crescentini, C. 2020. Positive impact of mindfulness meditation on mental health of female teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6450.
Muhammad, S. A., Bushra, N., Asif, I., & Hina, J. 2021. Online teaching, psychological state, and job satisfaction: Teachers' perspective during COVID-19 pandemic. Elementary Education Online, 20(2), 358-364.
Nesen, J. N., & Bakar, A. Y. A. 2021. Coping strategies for parents with special need children during COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia. Journal of Management Information and Decision Science, 24(SI1): 1-9.
Oducado, R. M., Rabacal, J., Moralista, R., & Tamdang, K. 2021. Perceived stress due to COVID-19 pandemic among employed professional teachers. International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 15, 305-316.
Oktaviani, Z. A., & Suprapti, V. 2021. The influence of psychological well-being on the academic stress of high school students in the Covid-19 period. Psychology and Mental Health Research Bulletin, 1(1), 965-975.
Pedrozo-Pupo, J. C., Pedrozo-Cortés, M. J., & Campo-Arias, A. 2020. Perceived stress associated with COVID-19 epidemic in Colombia: An online survey. Public Health Frames, 36.
Perkasa, D. H, Ingkiriwang, E.., Abdullah, M. A. F., Parashakti, R. D., & Aprillita, D. 2021. New normal education during the COVID-19 pandemic to the environmental community around Warakas Village, Tanjung Priuk Jak-Ut District. Andhara, 1(1), 20-29.
Roman, T. 2020. Supporting the mental health of preservice teachers in COVID-19 through trauma-informed educational practices and adaptive formative assessment tools. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 473-481.
Sami, A. R., Ankur, B., Kurubaran, G., Saad A. J., Krishna, G. R. 2014. Concurrent validity of the Malay version of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 15(1), 8-13.
Saputri, A. 2020. Impact of Covid-19 on psychological well-being during online learning in Batang Regency Primary School.
Satrianingrum, A. P., & Prasetyo, I. 2020. Teachers' perceptions of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the implementation of online learning in ECD. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 5(1), 633-640.
Setyabudi, D. P. 2017. Relationship between social support and psychological well-being in working students. Doctoral Dissertation. Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Shah, A. U. M, Safri, S. N. A, Thevadas, R., Noordin, N. K., Abd Rahman, A., Sekawi, Z., ... & Sultan, M. T. H. 2020. COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 108-116.
Soputan, S. D. M., & Mulawarman, M. 2021. Study of psychological well-being during the pandemic COVID-19. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 2(1), 41-51.
Stachteas, P., & Stachteas, C. 2020. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary school teachers. Psychiatrics, 31(4), 293-301.
Sucan, S. 2019. The relationship between hope and perceived stress in teacher candidates. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(2), 1-6.
Suganya, S., & Sankareshwari, B. 2020. Job satisfaction level on online teaching among higher secondary school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(1), 138-145.
Sumakul, Y., & Ruata, S. 2020. Psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychology "Humanlight", 1(1), 1-7.
Tan, W., Hao, F., McIntyre, R. S., Jiang, L., Jiang, X., Zhang, L., ... & Tam, W. 2020. Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 84-92.
Tuwu, D., Laksmono, B. S., Huraerah, A., & Harjudin, L. 2021. The dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic management policy in a social welfare perspective. Socio Concepts, 10(2), 97-110.
Widha, L., Rahmat, H. K., & Basri, A. S. H. 2021. A review of mindfulness therapy to improve psychological well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. In Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering (Vol. 4, pp. 383-386).
Yang, L., Yin, J., Wang, D., Rahman, A., & Li, X. 2020. Urgent need to develop evidence-based self-help interventions for mental health of healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol. Med., 1-2.
Zadok-Gurman, T., Jakobovich, R., Dvash, E., Zafrani, K., Rolnik, B., Ganz, A. B., & Lev-Ari, S. 2021. Effect of Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) intervention on well-being, eesilience and burnout of Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3689.
Zhou, X., Snoswell, C. L., Harding, L. E., Bambling, M., Edirippulige, S., Bai, X., & Smith, A. C. 2020. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemed. E Health, 26, 377-379.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
BISMA the Journal of Counseling is an Open Access Journal. The authors who publish the manuscript in this journal agree to the following terms:
BISMA Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
This means:
BISMA The Journal of Counseling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
(1) Under the CC-BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in BISMA Journal in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of BISMA Journal are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, BISMA Journal as the initial source of publication, year of publication, volume number, issue, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI); (2) The authors are the copyright owner of the article, and the author grants the BISMA Journal held the first publication right.
