Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Biologi pada Pembelajaran Daring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v4i3.37162Keywords:
Interest in Learning, Learning OutcomesAbstract
Pembelajaran online yang saat ini terjadi di Indonesia belum berjalan secara maksimal. Berbagai kendala juga muncul dalam penerapan pembelajaran daring. Pembelajaran melalui internet menjadi hal yang sulit dilakukan di beberapa daerah dikarenakan jaringan yang tidak memadai. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis minat serta hasil belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran online pada pembelajaran Biologi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah peserta didik dan guru mata pelajaran biologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah non-tes dengan penyebaran angket minat dan pengumpulan nilai hasil belajar peserta didik.Jenis instrumen yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket minat belajar peserta didik. Skala yang digunakan untuk masing-masing jawaban responden adalah skala Likert. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian yaitu belajar siswa menunjukkan nilai tertinggi adalah IPA1 85 dan IPA2 89. Nilai terendah adalah IPA1 61 dan IPA2 65, dengan nilai rata-rata 78,5 dan 78,03. Secara keseluruhan minat belajar siswa kelas pada mata pelajaran Biologi sangat rendah 10% yaitu berkisar 0-20%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara minat belajar dengan hasil belajar Biologi peserta didik pada Kelas X IPA.
References
Abuhassna, H., Al-rahmi, W. M., Yahya, N., Aman, M., & Megat, Z. (2020). Development of a new model on utilizing online learning platforms to improve students ’ academic achievements and satisfaction. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(73), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00216-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00216-z
Akhwani, & Romdloni, M. A. (2021). Indonesian Journal of Primary Education. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v5i1.31381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v5i1.31381
Albashtawi, A. H., & Al Bataineh, K. B. (2020). The effectiveness of google classroom among EFL students in Jordan: An innovative teaching and learning online platform. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(11), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V15I11.12865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i11.12865
Andini, D. M., & Supardi, E. (2018). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Terhadap Efektivitas Pembelajaran Dengan Variabel Kontrol Latar Belakang Pendidikan Guru. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 3(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v3i1.9450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v3i1.9450
Asmuni, A. (2020). Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dan Solusi Pemecahannya. Jurnal Paedagogy, 7(4), 281. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v7i4.2941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v7i4.2941
Asyari, M., Henie, M., Muhdhar, I. Al, & Ibrahim, H. S. (2016). Improving critical thinking skills through the integration of problem based learning and group investigation. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 5(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-10-2014-0042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-10-2014-0042
Baltà-Salvador, R., Olmedo-Torre, N., & Peña, M. (2021). Academic and emotional effects of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on engineering students. Educ Inf Technol, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10593-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10593-1
Basar, A. M. (2021). Problematika Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(1), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i1.112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i1.112
Bervell, B., Nyagorme, P., & Arkorful, V. (2020). LMS-Enabled Blended Learning Use Intentions among Distance Education Tutors: Examining the Mediation Role of Attitude Based on Technology-Related Stimulus-Response Theoretical Framework (TR-SR-TF). Contemporary Educational Technology, 12(2), ep273. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/8317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/8317
Buana, D. R. (2020). Analisis Perilaku Masyarakat Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Virus Corona (Covid-19) dan Kiat Menjaga Kesejahteraan Jiwa. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15082
Durnali, M. (2020). The effect of self-directed learning on the relationship between self-leadership and online learning among university students in Turkey. Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 8(1), 129–165. https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp129-165 Received. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp129-165
Erwiza, Kartiko, S., & Gimin. (2019). Factors Affecting the Concentration of Learning and Critical Thinking on Student Learning Achievement in Economic Subject. Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(2), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.3.2.p.205-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.3.2.p.205-215
Firmansyah, D. (2013). Strategi Pembelajaran Dan Minat Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan (JTP), 6(2), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.24114/jtp.v6i2.4996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jtp.v6i2.4992
Fitri, Y., & Putro, N. H. P. S. (2021). EFL Teachers’ Perception of the Effectiveness of ICT-ELT Integration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Sciences and Teacher Profession (ICETeP 2020), 532(532), 502–508. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210227.086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210227.086
Fitriyani, Y., Fauzi, I., & Sari, M. Z. (2020). Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemik Covid-19. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 6(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v7i1.10973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v6i2.2654
Friantary, H., & Martina, F. (2018). Evaluasi Implementasi Penilaian Hasil Belajar Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 oleh Guru Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia di MTS Ja-Alhaq Kota Bengkulu. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, Dan Asing, 1(2), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v1i2.202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v1i2.202
Guswara, A. M. (2020). The Contribution of Google Classroom Application and Motivation to The Learning Outcomes of Web Programming. Educational Technology, 4(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i4.29896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i4.29896
Handayani, N. M. D., Ganing, N. N., & Suniasih, N. W. (2017). Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture Berbantuan Media Audio-Visual Terhadap Pengetahuan IPA. Journal of Education Technology, 1(3), 176. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v1i3.12502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v1i3.12502
Hartuti. (2015). Peran konsep diri, minat dan kebiasaan belajar peserta didik terhadap prestasi belajar fisika. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v5i2.329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v5i2.329
Hogan, R., & Devi, M. (2019). A synchronous pedagogy to improve online student success. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 9(3), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJOPCD.2019070105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJOPCD.2019070105
Hutauruk, A., & Sidabutar, R. (2020). Kendala pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi di kalangan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika: Kajian kualiatatif deskriptif. Journal of Mathematics Education and Applied, 02(01), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v2i1.364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v2i1.364
Indriyani, F., & Yusnani. (2021). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Daring Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Pulau Rona Kecamatan Bangkinang. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 3(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v3i1.1434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v3i1.1434
Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., & Sokolov, B. (2019). The impact of digital technology and Industry 4.0 on the ripple effect and supply chain risk analytics. International Journal of Production Research, 57(3), 829–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1488086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1488086
Jamaludin, G. M., Supriatna, D., & Burhani, A. Z. (2020). the Effect of Online Learning System During the Covid-19 Pandemic on Students’ Learning Motivation and Interest in Learning. Jurnal Tatsqif, 18(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.20414/jtq.v18i2.2795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/jtq.v18i2.2795
Jihad Mohaidat, M. A. B. (2013). Technology Readiness of School Teachers - An Empirical Study of Measurement and Segmentation. Industrial Engineering & Management, 02(04), 257–275. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0316.1000117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0316.1000117
Kimkong Heng, & Koemhong Sol. (2020). Online learning during COVID-19: Key challenges and suggestions to enhance effectiveness. Cambodian Education Forum (CEF), December, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248758
Kuzmanović, M., Andjelković-Labrović, J., & Nikodijević, A. (2019). Designing e-learning environment based on student preferences: Conjoint analysis approach. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science Engineering and Education, 7(3), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.5937/IJCRSEE1903037K. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/IJCRSEE1903037K
Laksana, D. N. L. (2020). The Implementation Of Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Student Perceptions In Areas With Minimal Internet Access. Journal of Education Technology, 4(4), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i4.29413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i4.29314
Low, E. L., Ng, P. T., Hui, C., & Cai, L. (2019). How do teacher affective and cognitive self-concepts predict their willingness to teach challenging students? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(10), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2019v44n10.2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2019v44n10.2
Mansyur, A. R. (2020). Dampak COVID-19 Terhadap Dinamika Pembelajaran Di Indonesia. Education and Learning Journal, 1(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.33096/eljour.v1i2.55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/eljour.v1i2.53
Margunayasa, I. G., Dantes, N., Marhaeni, A. A. I. N., & Suastra, I. W. (2019). The Effect of Guided Inquiry Learning and Cognitive Style on Science Learning Achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 737–750. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12147a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12147a
Maulana, H. A., & Hamidi, M. (2020). Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Pembelajaran Daring pada Mata Kuliah Praktik di Pendidikan Vokasi. Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan, 8(2), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.26618/equilibrium.v8i2.3443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/equilibrium.v8i2.3443
Muthuprasad, T., Aiswarya, S., Aditya, K. S., & Jha, G. K. (2021). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Students ’ perception and preference for online education in India during COVID -19 pandemic. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), 100101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100101
Ningsih, Misdalina, & Marhamah. (2017). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Metode Statistika Melalui Pembelajaran Blended Learning. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v8i2.1633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v8i2.1633
Nurhusain, M. (2017). Impact Analysis of Cooperative Learning Model Application Type Two Stay Two Stray (Tsts) Toward Learning Outcomes of Mathematics. JPMI (Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Indonesia), 2(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.26737/jpmi.v2i2.220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jpmi.v2i2.220
Nursyahidah, F., Putri, R. I. I., & Somakim. (2013). Supporting First Grade Students’ Understanding of Addition Up to 20 Using Traditional Game. Journal on Mathematics Education, 4(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.4.2.557.212-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.4.2.557.212-223
Oktavian, R., & Aldya, R. F. (2020). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Terintegrasi di Era Pendidikan 4.0. Didaktis: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan, 20(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.30651/didaktis.v20i2.4763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30651/didaktis.v20i2.4763
Pambudi, B., Efendi, R. B., Novianti, L. A., Novitasari, D., & Ngazizah, N. (2019). Pengembangan Alat Peraga IPA dari Barang Bekas untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar dan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 2(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v2i2.15097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v2i2.15097
Prahmana, R. C. I., Zulkardi, & Hartono, Y. (2012). Learning Multiplication Using Indonesian Traditional game in Third Grade. Journal on Mathematics Education, 3(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.3.2.1931.115-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.3.2.1931.115-132
Prayekti. (2018). The Influence of Cognitive Learning Style and Learning Independence on the Students’ Learning Outcomes. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n2p37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n2p37
Putria, H., Maula, L. H., & Uswatun, D. A. (2020). Analisis Proses Pembelajaran dalam Jaringan (DARING) Masa Pandemi Covid- 19 Pada Guru Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(4), 861–872. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i4.460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i4.460
Qusyairi, L. A. H., & Jannati. (2018). Pengaruh Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Inside-Outside Circle (IOC) terhadap Prestasi Belajar dengan Memperhatikan Minat Belajar Matematika. Palapa: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v6i1.57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v6i1.57
Radyuli, P., & Rahmat, V. (2017). Korelasi Disiplin Belajar dan Kreativitas Belajar Terhadap Minat Belajar Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi ( TIK ). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Informasi, 4(2), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v3i3.21834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jtikp.v4i1.8750
Rahaju, E. B., Fardah, D. K., Prandoyo, W., & Ismail. (2020). Kemampuan Guru-Guru Matematika SMP Kabupaten Ponorogo dalam Mengembangkan Soal Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Raflesia, 05(01), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.33449/jpmr.v5i1.10640.
Rahayu, I. P., Christian Relmasira, S., & Asri Hardini, A. T. (2019). Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Tematik. Journal of Education Action Research, 3(3), 193. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v3i3.17369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v3i3.17369
Retno, P., Darsana, I. W., & Abadi, I. B. G. S. (2018). Korelasi Antara Minat Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar IPS. Mimbar PGSD Undiksha, 6(3), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v6i3.21097.
Rhim, H. C., & Han, H. (2020). Teaching online: foundational concepts of online learning and practical guidelines. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 32(3), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2020.171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2020.171
Sadikin, A., & Hamidah, A. (2020). Pembelajaran Daring di Tenggah Wabah Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 6(2), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v6i2.9759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v6i2.9759
Sariayu, M. R., & Miaz, Y. (2020). Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Think Pair Share di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.337
Septina, L. D., Nisa, K., & Istiningsih, S. (2020). Analisis hambatan pembelajaran jarak jauh oleh guru pada masa pandemi covid-19 di SDN 41 Ampera. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendas: Primary Education Journal, 1(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.29303/pendas.v1i2.63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/pendas.v1i2.63
Sidiq, D. A. N., Fakhriyah, F., & Masfuah, S. (2020). Hubungan Minat Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas V Sd Negeri 2 Pelemkerep Terhadap Hasil Belajar Selamapembelajaran Daring. Progres Pendidikan, 1(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.29303/prospek.v1i3.31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/prospek.v1i3.31
Simanjuntak, S. Y., Kismartini, Dwimawanti, I. H., & Hidayatullah, M. A. (2020). Respons Guru Terhadap Kebijakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Citra Bakti, 7(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.38048/jipcb.v7i2.108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38048/jipcb.v7i2.108
Suarmika, P. E., & Faliyandra, F. (2016). Model Kooperatif GI Berbasis Outdoor Study Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA SD. JPDI (Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia), 1(2), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.26737/jpdi.v1i2.261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jpdi.v1i2.261
Suriadi, H. J., Firman, F., & Ahmad, R. (2021). Analisis Problema Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(1), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i1.251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i1.251
Udayani, N. K. R. T. K., Wibawa, I. M. C., & Rati, N. W. (2021). Development Of E-Comic Learning Media On The Topic Of The Human Digestive System. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3), 472–481. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.34732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.34732
Van Nuland, S., Mandzuk, D., Tucker Petrick, K., & Cooper, T. (2020). COVID-19 and its effects on teacher education in Ontario: a complex adaptive systems perspective. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1803050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1803050
Wicaksana, I. P. G. C. R., Agung, A. A. G., & Jampel, I. N. (2019). Pengembangan E-Komik Dengan Model ADDIE Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Tentang Perjuangan Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Jurnal EDUTECH Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 7(2), 48–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jeu.v7i2.23159
Wichadee, S. (2011). Developing The Self-Directed Learning Instructional Model To Enhance English Reading Ability And Self-Directed Learning Of Undergraduate Students. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 8(12), 43. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i12.6620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i12.6620
Windhiyana, E. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Kegiatan Pembelajaran Online Di Perguruan Tinggi Kristen Di Indonesia. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 34(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.341.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.341.1
Yulia. (2020). Online Learning to Prevent the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus in Indonesia. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v11i1.6068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v11i1.6068
Yulianingsih, W., Suhanadji, S., Nugroho, R., & Mustakim, M. (2020). Keterlibatan Orangtua dalam Pendampingan Belajar Anak selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1138–1150. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.740. Zain, N. H., Sayekti, I. C., & Eryani, R. (2021). Problematika Pembelajaran Daring pada Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.1051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.740
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)
